{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:38:45Z","timestamp":1792510725184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Calcified neurocysticercosis (NCC), traditionally considered an inert marker of past infection, is increasingly recognized as a clinically meaningful condition associated with migraine-like headaches. Evidence from population-based cohorts, clinical series, and imaging studies consistently shows that individuals with calcified NCC have a higher prevalence and severity of headache than those without lesions. Prospective neuroimaging demonstrates that intermittent perilesional inflammation, including edema and blood\u2013brain barrier disruption, can activate migraine-generating pathways, with calcitonin gene-related peptide-mediated trigeminovascular sensitization emerging as a key mechanism. These findings challenge the assumption that calcified lesions are clinically irrelevant and instead, support the concept of a distinct inflammation-driven headache phenotype. Recognizing this entity has important implications for diagnosis, counseling, and therapeutic decision-making, particularly in endemic regions where calcifications are common and often dismissed as incidental. Calcified NCC also provides a unique human model for understanding how focal neuroinflammation shapes headache susceptibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:48:53Z","timestamp":1792507733000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Headache in Calcified Neurocysticercosis: Emerging Insights into an Inflammation-Driven Phenotype"],"prefix":"10.4269","author":[{"given":"Oscar H.","family":"Del Brutto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo\u2013Ecuador, Samborond\u00f3n, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005133","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating association of cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis with epilepsy","volume":"11","author":"Debacq","year":"2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"e209865","article-title":"Seizures and epilepsy in association with neurocysticercosis: A nosological proposal","volume":"103","author":"Singh","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1152","article-title":"Clinical manifestations associated with neurocysticercosis: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Carabin","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)","first-page":"1392","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis","volume":"18","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"442","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: A new classification based on active and inactive forms","volume":"145","author":"Sotelo","year":"1985"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"Headache","first-page":"93","article-title":"Headache and cysticercosis in Ecuador, South America","volume":"35","author":"Cruz","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"250","article-title":"Calcified neurocysticercosis among patients with primary headache","volume":"32","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"729","article-title":"Calcified neurocysticercosis and headache in an endemic village: A case-control study nested to a population-based cohort","volume":"99","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"776","article-title":"Spontaneously arrested transmission of cysticercosis in a highly endemic village with a very low migration rate","volume":"98","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Does calcified neurocysticercosis affect migraine characteristics and treatment responsiveness? A case-control study","volume":"107","author":"Sharma","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"b11","series-title":"Hawaii J Med Public Health","first-page":"152","article-title":"Headaches more common among epilepsy sufferers with neurocysticercosis than other structural brain lesions","volume":"76","author":"Saito","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"b12","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"418","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of migraine in patients with calcified neurocysticercosis","volume":"113","author":"Pradhan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10","key":"b13","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Exploring the spectrum of headache in neurocysticercosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Garg","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"44","article-title":"Severe episodic headache as the sole presenting ictal event in patients with a solitary cysticercus granuloma","volume":"102","author":"Rajshekhar","year":"2000"},{"issue":"7","key":"b15","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Natural history of patients with perilesional edema around Tenia solium calcified granulomas","volume":"215","author":"Nash","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Calcified neurocysticercosis: Understanding dead (not necessarily inactive) parasites","volume":"112","author":"Coyle","year":"2025"},{"issue":"10483","key":"b17","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeted therapy in migraine: Current role and future perspectives","volume":"405","author":"Versijpt","year":"2025"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Cephalalgia Rep","first-page":"1","article-title":"Migrainous headaches, calcified cysticercosis and breakthrough seizures","volume":"5","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"b19","series-title":"Headache","first-page":"815","article-title":"Impact of perilesional edema on severity of migraine in patients with calcified neurocysticercosis: A prospective evaluation","volume":"65","author":"Naik","year":"2025"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"629","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version)","volume":"33","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0374\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0374.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0374\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0374.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:48:53Z","timestamp":1792507733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/aop\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0374\/article-10.4269-ajtmh.26-0374.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.26-0374","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]}}}