{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:13:28Z","timestamp":1790874808835,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1_Supplement","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A retrospective study was made of clinical records to determine parasitemia and episodes of fever of 59 patients reinfected with <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> for treatment of neurosyphilis, which was considered standard medical care at the time. Records were collected at the National Institutes of Health laboratories in Columbia, South Carolina and Milledgeville, Georgia during the period 1940 to 1963. Nineteen patients were infected via the bites of <jats:italic>Anopheles albimanus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>An. quadrimaculatus<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>An. freeborni<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes; the median prepatent period was 11.5 days. It was evident that clinical immunity, as measured by the frequency of fever, particularly high intensity fever (\u2265 104\u00b0F), was increased following reinfection. The parasitologic immunity, as measured by the frequency of asexual parasite counts and gametocyte counts, was also evident. In general, in secondary infections with homologous and\/or heterologous strains of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, fever episodes \u2265 101\u00bf of and \u2265 104\u00b0F were reduced in number, parasitemia was reduced, and gametocyte production was reduced. However, despite long courses of parasitemia during their primary infections, most patients developed fever and, in some cases, high-density parasitemia and gametocytemia following reinfection. The intensity of the secondary response did not appear to be associated with the length of the previous course of parasitemia. In addition, current infection with heterologous strain parasites did not prevent the development of fever or higher density parasite counts following imposition of the new strain of parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/tropmed.1999.61-020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T16:18:16Z","timestamp":1385482696000},"page":"20-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["A Retrospective Examination of Secondary Sporozoite- and Trophozoite-Induced Infections with Plasmodium Falciparum: Development of Parasitologic and Clinical Immunity Following Secondary Infection"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"4","article-title":"A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection","volume":"61","author":"Collins","year":"1999"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med","first-page":"303","article-title":"The infectivity of native malarias in South Carolina to Anopheles quadrimaculatus","volume":"28","author":"Young","year":"1948"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Natl Malaria Soc","first-page":"349","article-title":"The comparative susceptibility of Anopheles quadrimaculatus and two strains of Anopheles albimanus to a Panama strain of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"9","author":"Jeffery","year":"1950"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"189","article-title":"The comparative susceptibility of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus to a South Carolina strain of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"87","author":"Eyles","year":"1950"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"317","article-title":"Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"10","author":"Young","year":"1961"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"305","article-title":"Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"1963"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med","first-page":"293","article-title":"On difficulties arising in the experimental propagation of falciparum malaria","volume":"25","author":"Boyd","year":"1945"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Enumeration of parasites in the blood of malarial patients","volume":"17","author":"Earle","year":"1932"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Venereal Dis Information","first-page":"271","article-title":"The technique of induced malaria as used in the South Carolina State Hospital","volume":"22","author":"Mayne","year":"1941"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Methods and techniques for the handling of mosquitoes in human and animal malaria studies","first-page":"188","author":"Collins","year":"1962"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p20.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p20.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p20.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T11:24:06Z","timestamp":1725449046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p20.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_Supplement"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/tropmed.1999.61-020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}