{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:17:08Z","timestamp":1790903828030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1_Supplement","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A retrospective examination was made to determine parasitemia and episodes of fever in 97 patients, previously infected with <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. ovale<\/jats:italic>, and\/or <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, who were reinfected with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> for treatment of neurosyphilis, the standard treatment at the time. Data were collected at the National Institutes of Health laboratories in Columbia, South Carolina and Milledgeville, Georgia during the period 1940 to 1963. Results were compared with observations recorded for patients following primary infection with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>. The mean daily percentage of patients with fever \u2265 101\u00b0F during the first 20 days of primary infection with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> was 42.4; the percentage with fever \u2265 104\u00b0F was 19.9%. Those previously infected with <jats:italic>P. ovale<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> had mean daily percentages of fever \u2265 101\u00b0F and \u2265 104\u00b0F of 39.1% and 14.8%, 39.1% and 19.4%, and 28.4%, and 11.3%, respectively. Previous infection with <jats:italic>P. ovale<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> had little, if any, effect on subsequent clinical malaria due to <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, whereas infection with <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> resulted in reduced frequencies of fever. A similar comparison was made for parasite counts \u2265 1,000\/\u03bcl and &gt; 10,000\/\u03bcl. The percentages for 268 patients during the first 20 days of primary infection with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> parasite counts \u2265 1,000\/\u03bcl and \u2265 10,000\/\u03bcl were 58.2% and 29.9%, respectively. Those previously infected with <jats:italic>P. ovale<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> had mean daily percentages of parasitemia \u2265 1,000\/\u03bcl and \u2265 10,000\/\u03bcl of 58.0% and 24.3%, 57.3% and 31.1% , and 45.9% and 19.0%, respectively. Previous infection with <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> resulted in a reduction in the frequency of high-density parasitemia (\u2265 10,000\/\u03bcl) as well as an asexual parasite count \u2265 1,000\/\u03bcl. These results suggest that <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> share common antigens that are able to induce parasitologic and clinical protection when infection with <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> follows that with <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic>. The results did not suggest that protection to <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> is provided by previous infection with <jats:italic>P. ovale<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/tropmed.1999.61-036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T16:18:16Z","timestamp":1385482696000},"page":"36-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["A Retrospective Examination of Sporozoite- and Trophozoite-Induced Infections with Plasmodium Falciparum in Patients Previously Infected with Heterologous Species of Plasmodium: Effect on Development of Parasitologic and Clinical Immunity"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"4","article-title":"A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection","volume":"61","author":"Collins","year":"1999"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"20","article-title":"A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity following secondary infection","volume":"61","author":"Collins","year":"1999"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"303","article-title":"The infectivity of native malarias in South Carolina to Anopheles quadrimaculatus","volume":"28","author":"Young","year":"1948"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Natl Malaria Soc","first-page":"349","article-title":"The comparative susceptibility of Anopheles quadrimaculatus and two strains of Anopheles albimanus to a Panama strain of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"9","author":"Jeffery","year":"1950"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"189","article-title":"The comparative susceptibility of Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus to a South Carolina strain of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"87","author":"Eyles","year":"1950"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Enumeration o f parasites in the blood of malarial patients","volume":"17","author":"Earle","year":"1932"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Venereal Dis Information","first-page":"271","article-title":"The technique of induced malaria as used in the South Carolina State Hospital","volume":"22","author":"Mayne","year":"1941"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p36.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p36.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p36.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T11:23:07Z","timestamp":1725448987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/61\/1_Supplement\/article-p36.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_Supplement"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/tropmed.1999.61-036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}