{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:43:59Z","timestamp":1768725839318,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Microscopy-determined <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> positivity rates exceeding 10% on day 3 after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is an important indicator of artemisinin resistance. However, microscopy does not detect low-density parasitemia, contrary to molecular tools such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared microscopy, LAMP, and PCR for detection of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> on day 3 after ACT in 256 patients with uncomplicated malaria in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Day 3 positivity rates were 0%, 84.8%, and 84.4% for each method, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LAMP against PCR was 100% (95% CI, 96.1\u2013100) and 77.4% (95% CI, 58.9\u201390.4) when quantitative PCR-determined parasite densities were \u2265 two parasites\/\u00b5L. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification had comparable diagnostic accuracy to PCR and could potentially represent a field-friendly tool for determining day 3 positivity rates. However, what day 3 <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> positivity determined using molecular methods represents needs to be further elucidated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T07:01:14Z","timestamp":1569222074000},"page":"1144-1147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Detection of Plasmodium falciparum by Light Microscopy, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, and Polymerase Chain Reaction on Day 3 after Initiation of Artemether\u2013Lumefantrine Treatment for Uncomplicated Malaria in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania: A Comparative Trial"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Lwidiko E.","family":"Mhamilawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;"}]},{"given":"Berit","family":"Aydin-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;"}]},{"given":"Bruno P.","family":"Mmbando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanga Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Ngasala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;"}]},{"given":"Ulrika","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"455","article-title":"Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"361","author":"Dondorp","year":"2009"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch13 gene (Pf3D7_1343700) with parasite clearance rates after artemisinin-based treatments-a WWARN individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wwarn","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Status Report on Artemisinin Resistance and ACT Efficacy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"991","article-title":"Emergence of indigenous artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Africa","volume":"376","author":"Lu","year":"2017"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors associated with polymerase chain reaction-determined Plasmodium falciparum positivity on day 3 after initiation of artemether\u2013lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania","volume":"100","author":"Mwaiswelo","year":"2019"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"970","article-title":"Molecular detection of residual parasitemia after pyronaridine\u2013artesunate or artemether\u2013lumefantrine treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenyan children","volume":"99","author":"Roth","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Residual Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in Kenyan children after artemisinin-combination therapy is associated with increased transmission to mosquitoes and parasite recurrence","volume":"208","author":"Beshir","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"645","article-title":"Highly sensitive detection of malaria parasitemia in a malaria-endemic setting: performance of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification kit in a remote clinic in Uganda","volume":"208","author":"Hopkins","year":"2013"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"56","article-title":"Comparative diagnosis of malaria infections by microscopy, nested PCR, and LAMP in northern Thailand","volume":"83","author":"P\u00f6schl","year":"2010"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e103905","article-title":"Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) accurately detects malaria DNA from filter paper blood samples of low density parasitaemias","volume":"9","author":"Aydin-Schmidt","year":"2014"},{"key":"b11","author":"National Malaria Control Programme, Mainland Tanzania","year":"2018"},{"key":"b12","author":"Foundation for innovative new diagnostics FIND","year":"2012"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2866","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA targets increase sensitivity of malaria detection using loop-mediated isothermal amplification","volume":"48","author":"Polley","year":"2010"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification of DNA","volume":"28","author":"Notomi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0120210","article-title":"SYBR green real-time PCR-RFLP assay targeting the Plasmodium cytochrome B gene\u2013a highly sensitive molecular tool for malaria parasite detection and species determination","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2015"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2946","article-title":"Development of a highly sensitive genus-specific quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR assay for detection and quantitation of Plasmodium by amplifying RNA and DNA of the 18S rRNA genes","volume":"49","author":"Kamau","year":"2011"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"5","article-title":"Field deployment of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for centralized mass-screening of asymptomatic malaria in Zanzibar: a pre-elimination setting","volume":"14","author":"Morris","year":"2015"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the identification of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infection in Uganda","volume":"97","author":"Katrak","year":"2017"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"972","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal PCR (LAMP) for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria","volume":"77","author":"Paris","year":"2007"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"26330","article-title":"Persistence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia after artemisinin combination therapy: evidence from a randomized trial in Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1144.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1144.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1144.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T21:39:02Z","timestamp":1722461942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/101\/5\/article-p1144.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]}}}