{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:23:47Z","timestamp":1790400227262,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States","reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAE International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.4271\/2017-22-0001","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T05:03:39Z","timestamp":1542863019000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biomechanics of Lumbar Motion-Segments in Dynamic\n                    Compression"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Mike W. J.","family":"Arun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasannaah","family":"Hadagali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Driesslein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayan","family":"Yoganandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Pintar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, M.\n                                A.,\n                        W. C.\n                            Hutton and\n                        J. R.\n                            Stott\n                    (1980). \u201cThe resistance to flexion of the lumbar\n                        intervertebral joint.\u201d Spine (Phila Pa\n                        1976)\n                    5(3):\n                    245-253.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198005000-00007"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Arun, M.\n                                W.,\n                        S.\n                            Umale,\n                        J. R.\n                            Humm,\n                        N.\n                            Yoganandan,\n                        P.\n                            Hadagali and\n                        F. A.\n                            Pintar\n                        (2016). \u201cEvaluation of kinematics and injuries\n                        to restrained occupants in far-side crashes using full-scale vehicle and\n                        human body models.\u201d Traffic Inj Prev\n                    17\n                    Suppl 1: 116-123."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asano,\n                                S.,\n                        K.\n                            Kaneda,\n                        S.\n                            Umehara and\n                        S.\n                            Tadano\n                        (1992). \u201cThe mechanical properties of the human\n                        L4-5 functional spinal unit during cyclic loading. The structural effects of\n                        the posterior elements.\u201d Spine (Phila Pa\n                        1976)\n                    17(11):\n                    1343-1352.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199211000-00014"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Ash, J.\n                                H.,\n                        D. J.\n                            Lessley,\n                        J. L.\n                            Forman,\n                        Q.\n                            Zhang,\n                        C. G.\n                            Shaw and\n                        J. R.\n                            Crandall\n                        (2012). Whole-body kinematics: response\n                        corridors for restrained PMHS in frontal impacts.\n                        Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ball, S.\n                                T.,\n                        A. R.\n                            Vaccaro,\n                        T. J.\n                            Albert and\n                        J. M.\n                            Cotler\n                        (2000). \u201cInjuries of the thoracolumbar spine\n                        associated with restraint use in head-on motor vehicle\n                        accidents.\u201d J Spinal Disord\n                    13(4):\n                    297-304.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200008000-00005"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begeman, P.\n                                C.,\n                        A. I.\n                            King and\n                        P.\n                            Prasad\n                        (1973). Spinal Loads Resulting from -Gx\n                        Acceleration, SAE\n                    International.","DOI":"10.4271\/730977"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Belwadi,\n                                A.\n                        (2006). Investigation of Entire Cadaveric Lumbar Spine\n                        Responses to Individual and Combined Loading Modes Masters,\n                        Wayne State University."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Belwadi,\n                                A. and\n                        K. H.\n                            Yang\n                    (2008). Response of the Cadaveric Lumbar Spine to Flexion\n                        with and without Anterior Shear Displacement.\n                        IRCOBI, Bern,\n                        Switzerland."},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Brinckmann,\n                                P.,\n                        M.\n                            Biggemann and\n                        D.\n                            Hilweg\n                        (1989). \u201cPrediction of the compressive strength\n                        of human lumbar vertebrae.\u201d Clinical\n                        Biomechanics\n                    4: iii-27."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown,\n                                T.,\n                        R. J.\n                            Hansen and\n                        A. J.\n                            Yorra\n                    (1957). \u201cSome mechanical tests on the lumbosacral\n                        spine with particular reference to the intervertebral\n                    discs.\u201d J Bone Joint Surg Am\n                    39(5):\n                    1135-1164.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195739050-00014"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cann,\n                            C.,\n                        H.\n                            Genant,\n                        F.\n                            Kolb and\n                        B.\n                            Ettinger\n                        (1985). \u201cQuantitative computed tomography for\n                        prediction of vertebral fracture risk.\u201d\n                        Bone\n                    6(1):\n                    1-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(85)90399-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Jamison,\n                                I.\n                        (2013). Mechanical Characterization of the Human Lumbar\n                        Intervertebral Disc Subjected to Impact Loading Conditions\n                    Doctoral, Drexel\n                    University.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024828"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demetropoulos,\n                                C.,\n                        K.\n                            Yang,\n                        M.\n                            Grimm,\n                        T.\n                            Khalil and\n                        A.\n                            King\n                    (1998). \u201cMechanical Properties of the Cadaveric and\n                        Hybrid III Lumbar Spines.\u201d SAE Technical\n                        Paper.","DOI":"10.4271\/983160"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhillon,\n                                N.,\n                        E. C.\n                            Bass and\n                        J. C.\n                            Lotz\n                    (2001). \u201cEffect of frozen storage on the creep\n                        behavior of human intervertebral discs.\u201d\n                        Spine\n                    26(8):\n                    883-888.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104150-00011"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamant,\n                                J.,\n                        A.\n                            Keller,\n                        E.\n                            Baer,\n                        M.\n                            Litt and\n                        R.\n                            Arridge\n                        (1972). \u201cCollagen; ultrastructure and its\n                        relation to mechanical properties as a function of ageing.\u201d\n                        Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological\n                        Sciences\n                    180(1060):\n                    293-315.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1972.0019"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunnett, C.\n                                W. (1980).\n                        \u201cPairwise multiple comparisons in the homogeneous variance,\n                        unequal sample size case.\u201d Journal of the American\n                        Statistical Association\n                    75(372):\n                    789-795.","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1980.10477551"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Rich,\n                                M.,\n                        P.-J.\n                            Arnoux,\n                        E.\n                            Wagnac,\n                        C.\n                            Brunet and\n                        C.-E.\n                            Aubin\n                    (2009). \u201cFinite element investigation of the loading\n                        rate effect on the spinal load-sharing changes under impact\n                        conditions.\u201d Journal of Biomechanics\n                    42(9):\n                    1252-1262.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.03.036"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Galante, J.\n                                O. (1967).\n                        \u201cTensile properties of the human lumbar annulus\n                        fibrosus.\u201d Acta Orthop Scand: Suppl\n                    100:101-191."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon, S.\n                                J.,\n                        K. H.\n                            Yang,\n                        P. J.\n                            Mayer,\n                        A. H.\n                            Mace, Jr.,\n                        V. L.\n                            Kish and\n                        E. L.\n                            Radin\n                    (1991). \u201cMechanism of disc rupture. A preliminary\n                        report.\u201d Spine (Phila Pa 1976)\n                    16(4):\n                    450-456.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199104000-00011"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerin, H.\n                                L. and\n                        D. M.\n                            Elliott\n                        (2007). \u201cQuantifying the contributions of\n                        structure to annulus fibrosus mechanical function using a nonlinear,\n                        anisotropic, hyperelastic model.\u201d J Orthop\n                        Res\n                    25(4):\n                    508-516.","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20324"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansson, T.\n                                H.,\n                        T. S.\n                            Keller and\n                        D. M.\n                            Spengler\n                        (1987). \u201cMechanical behavior of the human lumbar\n                        spine. II. Fatigue strength during dynamic compressive\n                        loading.\u201d J Orthop Res\n                    5(4):\n                    479-487.","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050403"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inamasu,\n                                J. and\n                        B. H.\n                            Guiot\n                    (2007). \u201cThoracolumbar junction injuries after motor\n                        vehicle collision: are there differences in restrained and nonrestrained\n                        front seat occupants?\u201d J Neurosurg Spine\n                    7(3):\n                    311-314.","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/09\/311"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref23.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izambert,  O.,  D.  Mitton,  M.  Thourot and  F.  Lavaste  (2003). \"Dynamic stiffness and damping of human  intervertebral disc using axial oscillatory displacement under a free mass  system.\" Eur Spine J.  12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0569-0"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref23.2","unstructured":"(6): 562-566.  Epub 2003 Nov 2007."},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Kalra,\n                                A.,\n                        T.\n                            Saif,\n                        M.\n                            Shen,\n                        X.\n                            Jin,\n                        F.\n                            Zhu,\n                        P.\n                            Begeman,\n                        K. H.\n                            Yang and\n                        S.\n                            Millis\n                        (2015). \u201cCharacterization of Human Rib\n                        Biomechanical Responses due to Three-Point Bending.\u201d\n                        Stapp Car Crash J\n                    59: 113-130."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasra,\n                                M.,\n                        A.\n                            Shirazi-Adl and\n                        G.\n                            Drouin\n                        (1992). \u201cDynamics of Human Lumbar Intervertebral\n                        Joints: Experimental and Finite-Element Investigations.\u201d\n                        Spine\n                    17(1):\n                    93-102.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199201000-00014"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Kastelic,\n                                J. and\n                        E.\n                            Baer\n                    (1979). Deformation in tendon collagen.\n                        Symposia of the Society for Experimental\n                    Biology."},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Kemper,\n                                A.,\n                        C.\n                            McNally,\n                        S.\n                            Manoogian,\n                        D.\n                            McNeely and\n                        S.\n                            Duma\n                    (2013). Stiffness properties of human lumbar\n                        intervertebral discs in compression and the influence of strain\n                        rate. Proceedings of the 20th Enhanced Safety of\n                        Vehicles Conference."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Kitagawa,\n                                Y.,\n                        T.\n                            Yasuki and\n                        J.\n                            Hasegawa\n                        (2006). \u201cA study of cervical spine kinematics\n                        and joint capsule strain in rear impacts using a human FE\n                        model.\u201d Stapp Car Crash J\n                    50: 545-566."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin,\n                            H.,\n                        Y.\n                            Liu and\n                        K.\n                            Adams\n                    (1978). \u201cMechanical response of the lumbar\n                        intervertebral joint under physiological (complex) loading.\u201d\n                        JBJS\n                    60(1):\n                    41-55.","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860010-00006"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marini,\n                                G.,\n                        G.\n                            Huber,\n                        K.\n                            P\u00fcschel and\n                        S. J.\n                            Ferguson\n                        (2015). \u201cNonlinear dynamics of the human lumbar\n                        intervertebral disc.\u201d Journal of\n                        Biomechanics\n                    48(3):\n                    479-488.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.006"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayergoyz, I.\n                                D. (2003).\n                        Mathematical models of hysteresis and their applications,\n                        Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012480873-7\/50005-0"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Nachemson,\n                                A.\n                        (1960). \u201cLumbar intradiscal pressure:\n                        experimental studies on post-mortem material.\u201d Acta\n                        Orthopaedica Scandinavica\n                    31(sup 43):\n                    1-104."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nachemson, A.\n                                L.,\n                        A. B.\n                            Schultz and\n                        M. H.\n                            Berkson\n                        (1976). \u201cMechanical properties of human lumbar\n                        spine motion segments. Influence of age, sex, disc level, and\n                        degeneration.\u201d Spine (Phila Pa)\n                    4(1):\n                    1-8.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197901000-00001"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Perey,\n                                O.\n                        (1957). \u201cFracture of the Vertebral End-Plate in\n                        the Lumbar Spine: An Experimental Biomechanical\n                        Investigation.\u201d Acta Orthopaedica\n                        Scandinavica\n                    28(sup 25):\n                    1-101."},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Pintar, F.\n                                A.,\n                        N.\n                            Yoganandan and\n                        D. J.\n                            Maiman\n                        (2010). \u201cLower cervical spine loading in frontal\n                        sled tests using inverse dynamics: potential applications for lower neck\n                        injury criteria.\u201d Stapp Car Crash J\n                    54: 133-166."},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Pintar, F.\n                                A.,\n                        N.\n                            Yoganandan,\n                        D. J.\n                            Maiman,\n                        M.\n                            Scarboro and\n                        R. W.\n                            Rudd\n                    (2012). \u201cThoracolumbar spine fractures in frontal\n                        impact crashes.\u201d Ann Adv Automot Med\n                    56: 277-283."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Pintar, F.\n                                A.,\n                        N.\n                            Yoganandan,\n                        D. J.\n                            Maiman,\n                        M.\n                            Scarboro and\n                        R. W.\n                            Rudd\n                    (2012). Thoracolumbar spine fractures in frontal\n                        impact crashes. Annals of Advances in Automotive\n                        Medicine\/Annual Scientific Conference, Association for the\n                    Advancement of Automotive Medicine."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Richards,\n                                D.,\n                        M.\n                            Carhart,\n                        C.\n                            Raasch,\n                        J.\n                            Pierce,\n                        D.\n                            Steffey and\n                        A.\n                            Ostarello\n                        (2006). \u201cIncidence of thoracic and lumbar spine\n                        injuries for restrained occupants in frontal collisions.\u201d\n                        Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med\n                    50: 125-139."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Richards,\n                                D.,\n                        M.\n                            Carhart,\n                        C.\n                            Raasch,\n                        J.\n                            Pierce,\n                        D.\n                            Steffey and\n                        A.\n                            Ostarello\n                        (2006). Incidence of thoracic and lumbar spine\n                        injuries for restrained occupants in frontal collisions.\n                        Annual proceedings\/Association for the Advancement of Automotive\n                        Medicine, Association for the Advancement of Automotive\n                    Medicine."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Rouhana, S.\n                                W.,\n                        P. G.\n                            Bedewi,\n                        S. V.\n                            Kankanala,\n                        P.\n                            Prasad,\n                        J. J.\n                            Zwolinski,\n                        A. G.\n                            Meduvsky,\n                        J. D.\n                            Rupp,\n                        T. A.\n                            Jeffreys and\n                        L. W.\n                            Schneider\n                        (2003). \u201cBiomechanics of 4-point seat belt\n                        systems in frontal impacts.\u201d Stapp Car Crash\n                        J\n                    47: 367-399."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schinkel-Ivy,\n                                A.,\n                        W. J.\n                            Altenhof and\n                        D. M.\n                            Andrews\n                        (2014). \u201cValidation of a full body finite\n                        element model (THUMS) for running-type impacts to the lower\n                        extremity.\u201d Comput Methods Biomech Biomed\n                        Engin\n                    17(2):\n                    137-148.","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2012.672562"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Schwartz,\n                                D.,\n                        B.\n                            Guleyupoglu,\n                        B.\n                            Koya,\n                        J. D.\n                            Stitzel and\n                        F. S.\n                            Gayzik\n                        (2015). \u201cDevelopment of a computationally\n                        efficient full human body finite element model.\u201d\n                        Traffic Inj Prev\n                    16\n                    Suppl 1: S49-56."},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Schwartz,\n                                D.,\n                        D. P.\n                            Moreno,\n                        J. D.\n                            Stitzel and\n                        F. S.\n                            Gayzik\n                        (2014). \u201cDevelopment of a simplified finite\n                        element model of the 50th percentile male occupant lower\n                        extremity.\u201d Biomed Sci Instrum\n                    50: 106-114."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smeathers, J.\n                                E. and\n                        D. N.\n                            Joanes\n                        (1988). \u201cDynamic compressive properties of human\n                        lumbar intervertebral joints: A comparison between fresh and thawed\n                        specimens.\u201d Journal of Biomechanics\n                    21(5):\n                    425-433.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90148-0"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Tanaka, J.\n                                S. (1987).\n                    \u201c\u201cHow big is big enough?\u201d: Sample size and goodness of fit in structural\n                    equation models with latent variables.\u201d Child Development:\n                        134-146."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tencer,\n                                A. and\n                        T.\n                            Mayer\n                    (1983). \u201cSoft tissue strain and facet face\n                        interaction in the lumbar intervertebral joint-Part I: input data and\n                        computational technique.\u201d Journal of Biomechanical\n                        Engineering\n                    105(3):\n                    201-209.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138407"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tencer,\n                                A. and\n                        T.\n                            Mayer\n                    (1983). \u201cSoft tissue strain and facet face\n                        interaction in the lumbar intervertebral joint-part II: calculated results\n                        and comparison with experimental data.\u201d Journal of\n                        Biomechanical Engineering\n                    105(3):\n                    210-215.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138408"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"Thorsten,\n                                A.,\n                        W.\n                            Marcus,\n                        E.\n                            Andre,\n                        J.\n                            Heiko,\n                        C.\n                            Richard,\n                        C.\n                            Jolyon,\n                        H.\n                            David and\n                        S.\n                            Ulrich\n                        (2013). Analyses of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine\n                        Injuries in Frontal Impacts. IRCOBI.\n                        IRC-13-17."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twomey,\n                                L. and\n                        J.\n                            Taylor\n                        (1982). \u201cFlexion creep deformation and\n                        hysteresis in the lumbar vertebral column.\u201d\n                        Spine\n                    7(2):\n                    116-122.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198203000-00005"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virgin,\n                                W.\n                        (1951). \u201cExperimental investigations into the\n                        physical properties of the intervertebral disc.\u201d\n                        Bone & Joint Journal\n                    33(4):\n                    607-611.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B4.607"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M.\n                                C.,\n                        F.\n                            Pintar,\n                        N.\n                            Yoganandan and\n                        D. J.\n                            Maiman\n                        (2009). \u201cThe continued burden of spine fractures\n                        after motor vehicle crashes.\u201d J Neurosurg\n                        Spine\n                    10(2):\n                    86-92.","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI.2008.10.08279"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Weaver, S.\n                                T. and\n                        J. D.\n                            Stitzel\n                        (2015). Pelvic Response of a Total Human Body\n                        Finite Element Model During Simulated Under Body Blast\n                        Impacts. International Research Council on\n                        Biomechanics of Injury. Lyon, France:\n                        731-741."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, N.\n                                A.,\n                        K. A.\n                            Danelson,\n                        F.\n                            Scott Gayzik and\n                        J. D.\n                            Stitzel\n                        (2014). \u201cHead and Neck Response of a Finite\n                        Element Anthropomorphic Test Device and Human Body Model During a Simulated\n                        Rotary-Wing Aircraft Impact.\u201d Journal of\n                        Biomechanical Engineering\n                    136(11):\n                        1110011-1110018.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4028133"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu,\n                                H.-C. and\n                        R.-F.\n                            Yao (1976).\n                        \u201cMechanical behavior of the human annulus\n                        fibrosus.\u201d Journal of Biomechanics\n                    9(1):\n                    1-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(76)90132-9"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoganandan,\n                                N.,\n                        M. W.\n                            Arun and\n                        F. A.\n                            Pintar\n                        (2014). \u201cNormalizing and scaling of data to\n                        derive human response corridors from impact tests.\u201d\n                        J Biomech\n                    47(8):\n                    1749-1756.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.03.010"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"Yoganandan,\n                                N.,\n                        J. F.\n                            Cusick,\n                        F. A.\n                            Pintar,\n                        K.\n                            Droese and\n                        J.\n                            Reinartz\n                        (1994). \u201cCyclic compression-flexion loading of\n                        the human lumbar spine.\u201d Spine (Phila Pa\n                        1976)\n                    19(7): 784-790;\n                    discussion 791."}],"event":{"name":"61st Stapp Car Crash Conference","acronym":"STAPP"},"container-title":["SAE Technical Paper Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/gsdownload\/?prodCd=2017-22-0001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T03:13:54Z","timestamp":1556075634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/content\/2017-22-0001\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2017-22-0001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-7191","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"article-number":"2017-22-0001"}}