{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:29:54Z","timestamp":1779888594183,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAE International","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SAE Int. J. Engines"],"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s (EPA\u2019s) continuing assessment of advanced light-duty (LD) automotive technologies to support the setting of appropriate national greenhouse gas (GHG) standards and to evaluate the impact of new technologies on in-use emissions, a 2016 Honda Civic with a 4-cylinder 1.5-liter L15B7 turbocharged engine and continuously variable transmission (CVT) was benchmarked. The test method involved installing the engine and its CVT in an engine-dynamometer test cell with the engine wiring harness tethered to its vehicle parked outside the test cell. Engine and transmission torque, fuel flow, key engine temperatures and pressures, and onboard diagnostics (OBD)\/Controller Area Network (CAN) bus data were recorded.<\/div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">This article documents the test results for idle, low, medium, and high load engine operation, as well as motoring torque, wide-open throttle (WOT) torque, and fuel consumption during transient operation using both EPA Tier 2 and Tier 3 test fuels. Particular attention is given to characterizing enrichment control during high load engine operation. Results are used to create complete engine fuel consumption and efficiency maps and estimate CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions using EPA\u2019s Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) full vehicle simulation model, over regulatory drive cycles. The design and performance of the 1.5-liter Honda engine are compared to several other past, present, and future downsized-boosted engines, and potential advancements are evaluated.<\/div><\/div><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4271\/2018-01-0319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T06:37:16Z","timestamp":1522737436000},"page":"1273-1305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Benchmarking a 2016 Honda Civic 1.5-Liter L15B7 Turbocharged Engine and Evaluating the Future Efficiency Potential of Turbocharged Engines"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Stuhldreher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kargul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Bohac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dekraker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Moskalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee , B. , \n Lee , S. , \n Cherry , J. , \n Neam , A. \n et al. \n Development of Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis Tool SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-0808 \n 2013 10.4271\/2013-01-0808","DOI":"10.4271\/2013-01-0808"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kargul , J. , \n Moskalik , A. , \n Barba , D. , \n Newman , K. \n et al. \n Estimating GHG Reduction from Combinations of Current Best-Available and Future Powertrain and Vehicle Technologies for a Midsized Car Using EPA\u2019s ALPHA Model SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0910 \n 2016 10.4271\/2016-01-0910","DOI":"10.4271\/2016-01-0910"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Niizato , T. , \n Yasui , Y. , \n Urata , Y. , \n Wada , Y. \n et al. \n Honda\u2019s New Turbo-GDI Engine Series for Global Application 37th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2016"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wada , Y. , \n Nakano , K. , \n Mochizuki , K. , and \n Hata , R. \n \n Development of a New 1.5L I4 Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1020 2016 10:4271\/2016-01-1020","DOI":"10.4271\/2016-01-1020"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"2018"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuhldreher , M. , \n Schenk , C. , \n Brakora , J. , \n Hawkins , D. \n et al. \n Downsized Boosted Engine Benchmarking and Results SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-1266 \n 2015 10.4271\/2015-01-1266","DOI":"10.4271\/2015-01-1266"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellies , B. , \n Schenk , C. , and \n Dekraker , P. \n \n Benchmarking and Hardware-In-The-Loop Operation of a 2014 MAZDA SkyActiv 2.0 L 13:1 Compression Ratio Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-1007 \n 2016 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Fuels Lubr. 10 1 217 235 2017 10.4271\/2017-01-0899","DOI":"10.4271\/2017-01-0899"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Ricardo \n 2011"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Hirose , I. \n \n Mazda 2.5 L SKYACTIV-G Engine with New Boosting Technology 37th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2016"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Wurms , R. , \n Budack , R. , \n Grigo , M. , \n Mendl , G. \n et al. \n The New Audi 2.0 L Engine with Innovative Rightsizing - A Further Milestone in the TFSI Technology 36th Vienna Motor Symposium 2015"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Eichler , F. , \n Demmelbauer-Ebner , W. , \n Theobald , J. , \n Stiebels , B. \n et al. \n The New EA211 TSI\u00ae Evo from Volkswagen 37th Vienna Motor Symposium 2016"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"K\u00f6nigstedt , J. , \n Bonn , G. , \n Brinkmann , C. , \n Fr\u00f6hlich , G. \n et al. \n The New 3.0l V6 TFSI Engine from Audi 37th Vienna Motor Symposium 2016"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiga , S. , \n Moteki , K. , and \n Kojima , S. \n \n The World\u2019s First Production Variable Compression Ratio Engine-The New Nissan VC-T (Variable Compression-Turbo) Engine 38th Vienna Motor Symposium 2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s38313-017-0115-9"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"U.S. EPA \n 2012"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"U.S. EPA \n 2016"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency \n 2016"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruff , L. , \n Kaiser , M. , \n Krause , S. , \n Harris , R. \n et al. \n EBDI\u00ae - Application of a Fully Flexible High BMEP Downsized Spark Ignited Engine SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0587 2010 10.4271\/2010-01-0587","DOI":"10.4271\/2010-01-0587"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serrano , J. , \n Routledge , G. , \n Lo , N. , \n Shost , M. \n et al. \n Methods of Evaluating and Mitigating NVH when Operating an Engine in Dynamic Skip Fire SAE Int. 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Engines 7 3 1489 1501 2014 10.4271\/2014-01-1675","DOI":"10.4271\/2014-01-1675"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisazadeh-Far , K. and \n Younkins , M. \n \n Fuel Economy Gains through Dynamic-Skip-Fire in Spark Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0672 \n 2016 10.4271\/2016-01-0672","DOI":"10.4271\/2016-01-0672"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Bohac , S. \n \n Benchmarking and Characterization of Two Cylinder Deactivation Systems - Full Continuous and Partial Discrete SAE Oral-Only Presentation, SAE World Congress 2018"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Younkins , M. , \n Tripathi , A. , \n Serrano , J. , \n Fuerst , J. \n et al. \n Dynamic Skip Fire: The Ultimate Cylinder Deactivation Strategy 38th International Vienna Motor Symposium 2017"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Fuschetto , J. , \n Eisazadeh-Far , K. , \n Younkins , M. , \n Carlson , S. \n et al. \n Dynamic Skip Fire in Four-Cylinder Spark Ignition Engines: Fuel Economy Gains and Pollutant Emissions Reductions SAE Oral-Only Presentation, SAE World Congress 2017"}],"container-title":["SAE International Journal of Engines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/downloads\/articles\/2018-01-0319\/Full%20Text%20PDF","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T11:00:47Z","timestamp":1760094047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/articles\/benchmarking-a-2016-honda-civic-15-liter-l15b7-turbocharged-engine-evaluating-future-efficiency-potential-turbocharged-engines-2018-01-0319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2018-01-0319","relation":{},"ISSN":["1946-3936","1946-3944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1946-3936","type":"print"},{"value":"1946-3944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"article-number":"2018-01-0319"}}