{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T16:33:10Z","timestamp":1785688390890,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAE International","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stapp Car Crash Journal."],"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Thorax injury remains a primary contributor to mortality in car crash scenarios. Although human body models can be used to investigate thorax response to impact, isolated rib models have not been able to predict age- and sex-specific force-displacement response and fracture location simultaneously, which is a critical step towards developing human thorax models able to accurately predict injury response. Recent advancements in constitutive models and quantification of age- and sex-specific material properties, cross-sectional area, and cortical bone thickness distribution offer opportunities to improve rib computational models. In the present study, improved cortical and trabecular bone constitutive models populated with age-specific material properties, age- and sex-specific population data on rib cross-sectional area, and cortical bone thickness distribution were implemented into an isolated 6\n<sup>th<\/sup>\n rib from a contemporary human body model. The enhanced rib model was simulated in anterior-posterior loading for comparison to experimental age- and sex-specific (twenty-three mid-size males, age range of 22- to 57-yearold) population force-displacement response and fracture location. The improved constitutive models, populated with age-specific material properties, proved critical to predict the rib failure force and displacement, while the improved cortical bone thickness distribution and cross-sectional area improved the fracture location prediction. The enhanced young mid-size male 6\n<sup>th<\/sup>\n rib model was able to predict young mid-size male 6\n<sup>th<\/sup>\n rib experimental force-displacement response and fracture location (overpredicted the displacement at failure by 35% and underpredicted the force at failure by 8% but within \u00b11 SD). The results of the present study can be integrated into full body models to potentially improve thorax injury prediction capabilities.<\/div><\/div><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4271\/2024-22-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T22:15:32Z","timestamp":1730326532000},"page":"89-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Isolated Rib Response and Fracture Prediction for Young Mid-Size\n Male, Enabled by Population Specific Material Models and Rib Cross-Sectional\n Geometry"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Corrales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Department of Mechanical and Mechatr"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Holcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, International Center for Automotive"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, Injury Biomechanics Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Seok","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, Injury Biomechanics Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duane S.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Department of Mechanical and Mechatr"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agnew , A.M. , \n \n Murach , M.M. , \n \n Dominguez , V.M. , \n \n Sreedhar , A. \n \n et al. \n Sources of Variability in Structural Bending\n Response of Pediatric and Adult Human Ribs in Dynamic Frontal\n Impacts 62nd Stapp Car Crash\n Conference 2018","DOI":"10.4271\/2018-22-0004"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert , D.L. , \n \n Katzenberger , M.J. , \n \n Agnew , A.M. , and \n \n Kemper , A.R. \n A Comparison of Rib Cortical Bone Compressive\n and Tensile Material Properties: Trends with Age, Sex, and Loading\n Rate Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of\n Biomedical Materials 122 2021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104668"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert , D.L. , \n \n Katzenberger , M.J. , \n \n Hunter , R.L. , \n \n Agnew , A.M. \n \n et al. \n Effects of Loading Rate, Age, and Morphology on\n the Material Properties of Human Rib Trabecular Bone Journal of Biomechanics 156 2023 111670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111670"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrales , M.A. and \n \n Cronin , D.S. \n Sex, Age and Stature Affects Neck Biomechanical\n Responses in Frontal and 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Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/downloads\/articles\/2024-22-0005\/Full%20Text%20PDF","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T21:11:06Z","timestamp":1758661866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/articles\/isolated-rib-response-fracture-prediction-young-mid-size-male-enabled-population-specific-material-models-rib-cross-sectional-geometry-2024-22-0005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2024-22-0005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-8546","2993-1940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-8546","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-1940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"article-number":"2024-22-0005"}}