{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:33:04Z","timestamp":1767652384223,"version":"build-2065373602"},"publisher-location":"400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States","reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAE International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Biodiesel-fuelled engines produce less carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, and particulate emissions compared to conventional diesel fuel but higher NO<sub>x<\/sub> emissions - the greatest threat to the ozone layer. This behaviour is attributed to the higher content of oxygen of the biodiesel. A recognized technique for attaining lower NO<sub>x<\/sub> emission levels on Diesel engines is the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). In order to evaluate if this technique is also valid for biodiesel blends, a review is made concerning the effect of EGR on emissions of diesel engines (one and two cylinders) running with different biodiesel blends and for different EGR rates. Data about conventional diesel are also shown for comparison purposes. Similar results were found in both cases (one and two cylinders) and conclusion can be drawn that NO<sub>x<\/sub> emissions decrease with the increasing of EGR rate. The degree of reduction in NO<sub>x<\/sub> at higher loads is also higher. The reasons for reduction in NO<sub>x<\/sub> emissions using EGR in diesel engines are reduced oxygen concentration and decreased flame temperatures.<\/div><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4271\/2007-01-0078","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]],"date-time":"2010-07-26T18:03:00Z","timestamp":1280167380000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["NOx Emissions Reduction in a Biodiesel Engine by Means of EGR Technology"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Tecaprod S.A."}]},{"given":"Eliseu","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Tecaprod S.A."}]},{"given":"Nuno Afonso","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CETAV, University of TAD"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CETAV, University of TAD"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd-Alla GH \u201cUsing exhaust gas recirculation in internal combustion engines: a review\u201d Energy Conversion and Management 43 1027 1042 2003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(01)00091-7"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Hamdeh Nidal H. \u201cEffect of cooling the recirculated exhaust gases on diesel engine emissions\u201d Energy Conversion and Management 44 3113 3124 2003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(03)00077-3"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Stewart K.M. \u201cHealth Effects of diesel exhaust\u201d Report of American Lung Association Pennsylvania 2001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ming Zheng Reader Graham T Garey Hawley J \u201cDiesel engine exhaust gas recirculation - a review on advanced and novel concepts\u201d Energy and Conversion and Mangement 45 883 900 2004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(03)00194-8"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demirbas A. \u201cBiodiesel from vegetable oils via transesterification in supercritical methanol\u201d Energy Conversion Management 43 2349 56 2002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(01)00170-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deepak Agarwal Shailendra Sinha \u201cExperimental investigation of control of NOx emissions in biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engine\u201d Renewable Energy 2005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2005.12.003"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graboski MS McCormick RL. \u201cCombustion of fat vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines\u201d Prog Energy Sci 24 2 125 64 1998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1285(97)00034-8"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graboski MS Ross JD McCormick RL. \u201cTransient emissions from No. 2 diesel and biodiesel blends in a DDC series 60 engine\u201d SAE Technical Paper Series No. 961166 1996","DOI":"10.4271\/961166"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szybist JP Boehman AL. \u201cBehaviour of diesel injection system with biodiesel fuel\u201d SAE Technical Paper Series No. 2003-01-1039 2003","DOI":"10.4271\/2003-01-1039"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd-Alla, G.H. Soliman, H.A. Badr, O.A. Abd-Rabbo \u201cEffects of diluent admissions and intake air temperature in exhaust gas recirculation on the emissions of an indirect injection dual fuel engine\u201d Energy Conversion and Management 42 1033 1045 2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(00)00072-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daiso Y Yaeo T Koseki T Quiros E Combustion and exhaust emissions in a direct-injection Diesel engine dualfueled with natural gas SAE paper 950465 1995","DOI":"10.4271\/950465"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Reed TB Graboski MS Gaur S \u201cDevelopment and commercialization of oxygenated diesel fuels from waste vegetable oils\u201d Proceedings of Meeting of Energy from Biomass and Wastes The Institute of Gas Technology IIT Center, Chicago 907 914 1991"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rounds FG \u201cCarbon: Cause of diesel engine wear\u201d SAE Paper No. 770829 1977","DOI":"10.4271\/770829"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nabi MN Akther MS Zaglul Shahadat MM \u201cImprovement of engine emissions with conventional diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel blends\u201d Bioresource Technology 97 372 378 2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2005.03.013"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canakci, M. Van Gerpen, J.H. \u201cBiodiesel production from oils and fats with high free fatty acids\u201d 44 6 1429 1436 2001","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.7010"}],"event":{"name":"2007 Fuels and Emissions Conference","start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]},"number":"144556","location":"Cape Town, South Africa","acronym":"SFL"},"container-title":["SAE Technical Paper Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/downloads\/papers\/2007-01-0078\/Full%20Text%20PDF","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T19:07:44Z","timestamp":1759777664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/papers\/nox-emissions-reduction-a-biodiesel-engine-means-egr-technology-2007-01-0078"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"SAE Technical Paper Series","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2007-01-0078","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7191","2688-3627"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-7191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2688-3627"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,23]]},"article-number":"2007-01-0078"}}