{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:43:05Z","timestamp":1759812185833,"version":"build-2065373602"},"publisher-location":"400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States","reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAE International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;div class=\"section abstract\"&gt;&lt;div class=\"htmlview paragraph\"&gt;Over-expansion is one of the promising strategies for improving Internal combustion engine (ICE) efficiency and emissions. It can be implemented by using an unconventional crankshaft. These mechanisms have mass production potential and acceptable friction losses, but also a complex kinematic and dynamic behaviour. This paper proposes such a crank design, a small planetary hypotrochoid over-expanded single cylinder engine - UMotor - and compares it to equivalent conventional ICEs with similar intake or expansion strokes. A suitable crankshaft counter weight geometry was determined in order to minimize the overall reaction forces. The mass balancing studies were conducted via a dynamic motion analysis of the crank drive, including a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency analysis. For the tested engine speeds, the UMotor average and peak magnitude reaction forces proved to be similar to those generated in the conventional engines for intermediate and high engine speeds. Also, the UMotor displayed fewer high frequency harmonics, indicating a lower structural disturbance of the chassis of a vehicle equipped with one of these engines.&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4271\/2019-01-1194","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T05:03:57Z","timestamp":1554181437000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Native Over-Expanded Engine Based on a Planetary Crankshaft with Enhanced Balancing"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Capela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Tiago J.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"F. P.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoeltgebaum ,  T. ,   Simoni ,  R. , and   Martins ,  D. Reconfigurability of Engines: A Kinematic Approach to Variable Compression Ratio Engines Mechanism and Machine Theory 96 308 322 2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2015.10.003"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins ,  J. ,   Uzuneanu ,  K. ,   Ribeiro ,  B. , and   Jasansky ,  O. Thermodynamic Analysis of an Over-Expanded Engine SAE Technical Paper  2004-01-0617 2004 10.4271\/2004-01-0617","DOI":"10.4271\/2004-01-0617"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Heywood ,  J. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw Hill 1988"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Martins ,  J. 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Research on Inertia Force Characteristics and its Reduction in Extended Expansion Linkage Engine Honda R&D Technical Review 24 21 2012"}],"event":{"name":"WCX SAE World Congress Experience","start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"number":"237383","location":"Detroit, Michigan, United States","acronym":"ANNUAL"},"container-title":["SAE Technical Paper Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/downloads\/papers\/2019-01-1194\/Full%20Text%20PDF","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:09:18Z","timestamp":1759810158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/papers\/native-expanded-engine-based-a-planetary-crankshaft-enhanced-balancing-2019-01-1194"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"SAE Technical Paper Series","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2019-01-1194","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7191","2688-3627"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-7191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2688-3627"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"article-number":"2019-01-1194"}}