{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:42:36Z","timestamp":1759812156407,"version":"build-2065373602"},"publisher-location":"400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States","reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAE International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">The current study introduces a Variable Valve Timing (VVT) trapezoidal rotary valve for a 4-stroke spark-ignition engine. Being trapezoidal, enables the rotary valve to change the inlet and exhaust timing continuously, therefore allowing it to control the engine load without the need for a throttle valve. The geometry of the valve is studied in detail, calculating the intersection areas between the windows (ports) of the valve and those of the combustion chamber during the engine cycle. As the valve openings are trapezoidal and the opening of the combustion chamber is trapezoidal as well, there is a multitude of geometry variables that need to be optimized. During idle the engine needs to breathe through just a very small area, while during high load operation the opening needs to be generous. Finally, the trapezoidal rotary valve system is compared to a conventional VVT system.<\/div><\/div><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4271\/2019-01-1202","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T05:03:57Z","timestamp":1554181437000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of a New VVT Trapezoidal Rotary Valve"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Afonso","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"F. P.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Tiago J.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Aspin , F.M. 1941"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Reynolds , R.A. 1909"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Zimmerman , M.A. 1975"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Masumura , U.A.K. 1983"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Bishop , E. 1989"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas , D. 2010","DOI":"10.22233\/20412495.0810.29"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Coates , G.J. 1990"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Conklin , R.J. 1993"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Hunter , M. http:\/\/www.douglas-self.com\/MUSEUM\/POWER\/unusualICeng\/RotaryValveIC\/RotaryValveIC.htm"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Retrotech , T.M.O. http:\/\/www.douglasself.com\/MUSEUM\/POWER\/unusualICeng\/RotaryValveIC\/RotaryValveIC.htm"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Junichi Kamio , K.K.T.K. 2011"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosaka , T. and Hamazaki , M. Development of the Variable Valve Timing and Lift (VTEC) Engine for the Honda NSX SAE Technical Paper 910008 1991 10.4271\/910008","DOI":"10.4271\/910008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titolo , A. The Variable Valve Timing System - Application on a V8 Engine SAE Technical Paper 910009 1991 10.4271\/910009","DOI":"10.4271\/910009"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flierl , R. and Kl\u00fcting , M. The Third Generation of Valvetrains - New Fully Variable Valvetrains for Throttle-Free Load SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1227 2000 10.4271\/2000-01-1227","DOI":"10.4271\/2000-01-1227"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Munhoz http:\/\/www.bmwccb.com.br\/tecnologia_arquivos\/tec-35.htm"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"F. R. v. Glehn http:\/\/www.coweb.com.br\/arq\/arq618.pdf"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujita , T. , Onogawa , K. , Kiga , S. , Mae , Y. et al. Development of Innovative Variable Valve Event and Lift (VVEL) System SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-1349 2008 10.4271\/2008-01-1349","DOI":"10.4271\/2008-01-1349"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinoshita , K. , Ueda , K. , Ito , F. , Shinojima , Y. et al. Development of a Custom Integrated Circuit for Continuously Variable Valve Lift Mechanism System Control SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0913 2008 10.4271\/2008-01-0913","DOI":"10.4271\/2008-01-0913"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernard , L. , Ferrari , A. , Micelli , D. , Perotto , A. et al. Electro-Hydraulic Valve Control with Multiair Technology MTZ Worldwide 70 12 4 10 2009","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03226988"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"BMW http:\/\/www.bmw.com\/com\/en\/insights\/technology\/technology_gide\/articles\/mm_valvetronic.html"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Lotus Engineering Expanding Combustion Knowledge - Lotus AVT System proActive Magazine 51 2014"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Tony Wallis 2007 http:\/\/home.people.net.au\/~mrbdesign\/PDF\/AutoTechBRV.pdf"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Dantas December 2, 2012 http:\/\/www.autoentusiastasclassic.com.br\/2012\/12\/o-mundo-muito-louco-das-valvulas-4-parte.html"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Knight , G.Y. 1914"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Martins , J. , Bon , B. , Brito , F.P. , and Costa , T. 2018"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Martins , J. 2016"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins , J. , Pereira , C. , and Brito , F.P. 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Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill, Inc 1998"},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Pattakon http:\/\/www.pattakon.com\/pattakonFVVA.htm 2016"}],"event":{"name":"WCX SAE World Congress Experience","start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"number":"237383","location":"Detroit, Michigan, United States","acronym":"ANNUAL"},"container-title":["SAE Technical Paper Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/downloads\/papers\/2019-01-1202\/Full%20Text%20PDF","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T04:07:10Z","timestamp":1759810030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/papers\/analysis-a-new-vvt-trapezoidal-rotary-valve-2019-01-1202"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"SAE Technical Paper Series","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2019-01-1202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7191","2688-3627"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-7191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2688-3627"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"article-number":"2019-01-1202"}}