{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T15:36:18Z","timestamp":1767713778595,"version":"3.44.0"},"publisher-location":"400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States","reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAE International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">In Formula Student competitions, the active adaptation of the aerodynamic\n components to the current race track conditions can significantly enhance the\n overall dynamic performance of the car. Due to the abundant low-speed corners,\n angles of attack of fixed aerodynamic components are usually exaggerated,\n preventing the car from achieving higher acceleration capabilities due to\n induced drag. This issue can be tackled by introducing an active drag reduction\n system (DRS). In this work, a strategy for performing iterative numerical\n simulations is proposed, with the goal of obtaining a range of different\n configurations suitable for certain track conditions. Specifically, the case of\n lowest drag is exploited.<\/div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Different macros were developed to couple the utilization of computational fluid\n dynamics tools for aerodynamic analysis with an extensive iterative process with\n minimal user interference. An initial mesh refinement study was conducted.\n Afterward, angles of attack and centers of rotation of the two most rear flaps\n are iterated. The lowest-drag configuration was found to be at\n <i>\u03b1<\/i><sub><i>flap<\/i><sub>1<\/sub><\/sub> = 0\u00b0 and <i>\u03b1<\/i><sub><i>flap<\/i><sub>2<\/sub><\/sub> = \u22126 \u00b0 , the latter mostly due to its aerodynamic interaction with the\n rest of the system. Results show that the angle of attack of flap 2 had the most\n influence on the overall forces, while varying the centers of rotation had a\n weaker impact. Nevertheless, combining the investigation of the angles of the\n attack with the center of rotation yields optimal DRS configuration with the\n minimum drag. Within one loop of the proposed strategy, a reduction of up to\n 94<i>.<\/i>5% in rear-wing drag was found. The strategy proposed\n can be looped until a configuration is obtained for specific optimization\n targets, such as drag reduction.<\/div><\/div><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4271\/2023-01-5079","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T21:15:16Z","timestamp":1699564516000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Numerical Iterative Analysis of Drag Reduction System for a Racing\n Car Rear Wing"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Departament de Mec\u00e0nic"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, and Laborat\u00f3rio Associado de Si"}]},{"given":"Diana Filipa da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanic"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz , J. \n \n Aerodynamics in Motorsports Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: J.\n Sports Eng. 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Aircraft 55 3 2018 1050 1061 10.2514\/1.C034415","DOI":"10.2514\/1.C034415"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"E\u00e7a , L. \n \n Aerodin\u00e2mica Incompress\u00edvel Exerc\u00edcios Lisboa IST\n Press 2015 9789898481337"}],"event":{"name":"Automotive Technical Papers","start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"number":"346547","location":"Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States","acronym":"WONLYAUTO"},"container-title":["SAE Technical Paper Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/downloads\/papers\/2023-01-5079\/Full%20Text%20PDF","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T09:10:19Z","timestamp":1758705019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/papers\/numerical-iterative-analysis-drag-reduction-system-a-racing-car-rear-wing-2023-01-5079"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"SAE Technical Paper Series","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/2023-01-5079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7191","2688-3627"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-7191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2688-3627"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"article-number":"2023-01-5079"}}