{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:45:12Z","timestamp":1760121912923,"version":"build-2065373602"},"publisher-location":"400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States","reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAE International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;div class=\"htmlview paragraph\"&gt;A highly efficient two stroke engine was designed for a small vehicle to race in a fuel economy competition.&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=\"htmlview paragraph\"&gt;The engine must power a lightweight prototype vehicle with a total mass of 80 kg on a closed circuit. This paper describes the approach taken to the design of this engine.&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=\"htmlview paragraph\"&gt;An uniflow two stroke engine assisted by crankcase supercharging was chosen to provide the best trapping efficiency and reduce fresh mixture short circuiting. This design allows an increased transfer port area and improved swirl control inside the cylinder. The engine has two exhaust valves at the head, various cylinder transfer ports and a crankcase reed valve.&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=\"htmlview paragraph\"&gt;To further reduce brake specific fuel consumption a fully digital electronic fuel injection system and two spark plug ignition are used. The injection is a semi-direct system, spraying the fuel into the cylinder at approximately two thirds of its height. The first prototype uses no air assistance for the injection.&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=\"htmlview paragraph\"&gt;Special attention was taken on detail design in order to reduce mass and friction to best overall efficiency.&lt;\/div&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4271\/970367","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,7]],"date-time":"2010-10-07T16:27:33Z","timestamp":1286468853000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Design of a Fuel Efficient Uniflow Two Stroke Semi-Direct Injection Engine"],"prefix":"10.4271","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Eduardo C. O.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Eurico F. A.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]},{"given":"Jorge J. G.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho"}]}],"member":"2796","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"WOLF,   Heinrich Hucho \u201cAerodynamics of road vehicles\u201d Butterworths 1987"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"MILLIKEN   W. F. MILLIKEN   D. L. \u201cRace car vehicle dynamics\u201d SAE 1995"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GILLESPIE   T. D. \u201cFundamentals of vehicle dynamics\u201d SAE 1992","DOI":"10.4271\/R-114"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VORA,   K. C. GHOSH,   B. \u201cInvestigation Scavenge Pressure of a Two Stroke Engine with a View to Alleviate Thermal Conditions\u201d Evaluations in Two Stroke-Engines and Their Emissions 33 42 SAE 1995","DOI":"10.4271\/950227"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BLAIR,   Gordon P. \u201cThe Basic Design of Two Stroke Engines\u201d SAE 1990","DOI":"10.4271\/R-104"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"HEYWOOD,   John B. \u201cInternal Combustion Engine Fundamentals\u201d McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1988"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"KAGAWA,   Junichi KATO,   Hiroshi \u201cDevelopment of a Small Spark Plug (M8 X 1)\u201d Small Engine Technology Conference Proceedings 81 88 SAE 1991"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"KOBAYASHI,   H. et al. \u201cNarrow Width Top Ring Behaviour for Gasoline Engine\u201d Small Engine Technology Conference 465 474 SAE 1993"}],"event":{"name":"International Congress & Exposition","start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,24]]},"number":"3004","location":"Detroit, Michigan, United States","acronym":"ANNUAL"},"container-title":["SAE Technical Paper Series"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/downloads\/papers\/970367\/Full%20Text%20PDF","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T06:01:27Z","timestamp":1759471287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/saemobilus.sae.org\/papers\/design-a-fuel-efficient-uniflow-two-stroke-semi-direct-injection-engine-970367"}},"subtitle":[],"proceedings-subject":"SAE Technical Paper Series","short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,24]]},"references-count":8,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4271\/970367","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-7191","2688-3627"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-7191"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2688-3627"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,24]]},"article-number":"970367"}}