{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:41:39Z","timestamp":1792698099087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rising prevalence of chronic liver diseases worldwide, there exists a need to diversify our artillery to incorporate a plethora of diagnostic and therapeutic methods to combat this disease. Currently, the most common causes of liver disease are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease. Some of these chronic diseases have the potential to transform into hepatocellular carcinoma with advancing fibrosis. In this review, we analyse the relationship between the gut and liver and their significance in liver disease. This two-way relationship has interesting effects on each other in liver diseases. The gut microbiota, through its metabolites, influences the metabolism in numerous ways. Careful manipulation of its composition can lead to the discovery of numerous therapeutic potentials that can be applied in the treatment of various liver diseases. Numerous cohort studies with a pan-omics approach are required to understand the association between the gut microbiome and hepatic disease progression through which we can identify effective ways to deal with this issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v15.i6.98146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T08:33:18Z","timestamp":1729758798000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Insights of gut-liver axis in hepatic diseases: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic potentials"],"prefix":"10.4292","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Naveen","family":"Jeyaraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhan","family":"Jeyaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejaswin","family":"Mariappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathish","family":"Muthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaminathan","family":"Ramasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Furtado","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F\u00e1bio","family":"Lana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00771-6"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051017"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0099-1"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases7040058"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.775526"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.923599"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00361.2016"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl20032"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218351"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00352-6"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1895064"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0183-1"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021109"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02431-w"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2019_238"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-010-9202-6"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031494"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102149"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.096651.109"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe7194"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.12.028"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01440-w"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00380.2011"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310585"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.018"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28572"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.02.015"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1979883"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00383"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24754"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13182960"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-022-03330-7"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120846"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197097"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4049-x"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0129"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1005613"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00050.2008"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2000.106451"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-014-1170-1"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25008"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.25723"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R900010-JLR200"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R500013-JLR200"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2009.05.004"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1524-x"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.997018"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26093"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010174"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2020.01.06"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90933-3"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310109"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.011"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04177-9"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.099580"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.018"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29791"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050121"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23845"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.72"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.07.005"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3045"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.10.020"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158164"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-018-0281-6"},{"key":"B70","unstructured":"Lin R, Zhou L, Zhang J, Wang B. Abnormal intestinal permeability and microbiota in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8: 5153-5160"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09534-w"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10010055"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195936"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i25.4548"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13401"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.12.009"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518189113"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313432"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113725"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010137"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111571"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1458021"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1887-4"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.11.008"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29306"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24423"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-012-0105-8"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00190.2011"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.221"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062885"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26319"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.01.003"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13568"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.28684"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13435"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2016.01.077"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34055"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26800"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90562"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0359-2"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.001"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00470"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315084"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30036"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2018.10.003"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01458"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.028"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2019.04.006"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa382"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14899"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20422-7"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.013"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.054"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175406"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282efa40e"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-10-35"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12758"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.08.031"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138078"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9378-3"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42059-3"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061874"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.569104"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108863"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093192"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133410"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1601"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000661"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.728723"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.759306"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0400-5"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.031"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2150-5349\/full\/v15\/i6\/98146.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2150-5349\/full\/v15\/i6\/98146.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T08:33:32Z","timestamp":1729758812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2150-5349\/full\/v15\/i6\/98146.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"alternative-id":["98146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4292\/wjgpt.v15.i6.98146","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-5349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-5349","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]}}}