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Although ileocolonoscopy combined with histological evaluation and now employing modern endoscopic techniques is still regarded as the gold diagnostic standard, its inability of visualizing small intestine is a limitation. Alternative non-invasive techniques such as capsule endoscopy and, especially, cross-sectional imaging, comprising computed tomography enterography, magnetic resonance enterography, and intestinal ultrasound, are becoming increasingly popular. In addition, the use of molecular biomarkers detectable in human body fluids is a rapidly developing area, and recent rapid progress in gut microbiome research promises to add a new dimension to it. It is also anticipated that new approaches based upon multi-omics can identify new composite biomarkers useful for IBD monitoring. 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