{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:09:04Z","timestamp":1789128544408,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr H. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In developing countries, more than half of the anesthesia-related maternal deaths are related to spinal hypo- tension.\r\nObjective: To explore the practices of management of spinal induced hypotension with respect to fluid and vasopressor administration among anesthesiologists from a developing country.\r\nMethods: After approval from institutional ethics committee, an online questionnaire was sent to anesthesiologists reg- istered with Pakistan Society of Anesthesiologists between July and August 2018 to determine management strategies for prevention and treatment of spinal-induced hypotension.\r\nResults: The response rate was 36% (156\/433), majority from academic institution (62.8%) with equal representation from attending and trainee anesthesiologist. For prophylaxis 39.1% respondents did not use vasopressors, 32.7% used fluid preloading with crystalloids (54.7%) as fluid of choice followed by combination of co-loading and vasopressor(22.4%). Phenylephrine was the vasopressor of choice for both prophylaxis (33.1%) and treatment (57%). Attending anesthesiologist used a combination of fluid co-loading and vasopressors for prophylaxis as compared to trainee anesthesiologists (37.2% vs. 17.9%; P=0.035) and selected vasopressors according to patient\u2019s heart rate (33.3% vs. 19.5%; p=0.05). Prophylactic phenylephrine was used more by respondents from the academic institution (p=0.023). Fluid co-loading was used more by respondents with &lt;30 % compared to those with &gt; 30% of clinical responsibility to obstetric anesthesia (P&lt;0.05).\r\nConclusion: Phenylephrine as the vasopressor of choice indicates growing awareness of management strategies among anesthesiologists from developing countries but there is a need to increase its use for prophylaxis. Some variation in practice according to the level of anesthesiologist, practice type and responsibilities to obstetric anesthesia are evident.\r\nKeywords: Spinal anesthesia; Hypotension; Cesarean delivery; Vasopressors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v20i4.50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T10:54:54Z","timestamp":1608288894000},"page":"1918-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Management of spinal-induced hypotension for elective caesarean section:  A survey of practices among anesthesiologists from a developing country"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Samina","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sohaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Farrukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"container-title":["African Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/202363\/190820","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/202363\/190820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T10:55:06Z","timestamp":1608288906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/view\/202363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v20i4.50","relation":{},"ISSN":["1680-6905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1680-6905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]}}}