{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:33:29Z","timestamp":1787031209852,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr H. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Co-existence of diabetes in the HIV infected reportedly further complicates the attendant impairment of immunity and increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections.\r\nObjective: This study aimed to evaluate some immune and inflammatory parameters in HIV and type 2 diabetes (T2D) co-morbidity: Immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG), Interleukin-6, CD4+ T-cells and C-reactive protein.\r\nMethod: The study involved 200 subjects grouped according to their HIV and diabetes status: Group 1 \u2018Diabetic HIV seropositive\u2019( n=40), Group 2 \u2018Non diabetic HIV seropositive\u2019(n=60), Group 3 \u2018Diabetic HIV seronegative\u2019(n=50), and Group 4 \u2018Control non diabetic HIV seronegative\u2019(n=50). Blood samples were collected for testing.\r\nResults: CRP levels were significantly elevated in diabetes and HIV co-morbidity compared to other groups. IL\u20136 levels were significantly higher in diabetics with or without HIV infection. In addition, IL-6 was significantly elevated in individuals with poor glycemic control (HbA1c &gt; 9.0%) compared to those with good glycemic control. IgG and IgM levels in diabetic HIV seropositive subjects were highest compared with other groups.\r\nConclusion: The increased IL-6, CRP, IgG, IgM and decreased CD4+ T cell counts observed in co-morbidity suggest that HIV and T2D co-morbidity exacerbate the immune and inflammatory impairment observed in either disease entity.\r\nKeyWords: Diabetes; HIV; co-morbidity; immune responses; inflammation; glycemic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v23i1.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T06:39:15Z","timestamp":1681454355000},"page":"120-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of some immune and inflammatory responses in diabetes and HIV  co-morbidity"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngozi","family":"Bernice Nwosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ositadinma Ifeanyichukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusta","family":"Chinyere Nsonwu-Anyanwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Onochie Manafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"container-title":["African Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/245302\/232067","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/245302\/232067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T06:41:22Z","timestamp":1681454482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/view\/245302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v23i1.14","relation":{},"ISSN":["1729-0503","1680-6905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1729-0503","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1680-6905","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]}}}