{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:50:45Z","timestamp":1793404245027,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr H. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) related mortality remains a serious impediment in ending TB epidemic.\r\nObjective: To estimate survival probability and identify predictors, causes and conditions contributing to mortality among TB patients in Vihiga County.\r\nMethods: A cohort of 291 patients from 20 purposively selected health facilities were prospectively considered. Data was obtained by validated questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. Survival probabilities were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method while Cox proportional hazard model identified predictors of TB mortality through calculation of hazard ratios at 95% confidence intervals. Mortality audit data was qualitatively categorized to elicit causes and conditions contributing to mortality.\r\nResults: 209 (72%) were male, median age was 40 (IQR=32-53) years while TB\/HIV coinfection rate was 35%. Overall, 45 (15%) patients died, majority (78% (log rank&lt;0.001)) during intensive phase. The overall mortality rate was 32.2 (95% CI 23.5 - 43.1) deaths per 1000 person months and six months\u2019 survival probability was 0.838 (95% CI, 0.796-0.883). Mortality was higher (27%) among HIV positive than HIV negative (9%) TB patients. Independent predictors of mortality included; comorbidities (HR = 2.72, 95% CI,1.36\u20135.44, p&lt; 0.005), severe illness (HR=5.06, 95% CI,1.59\u201316.1, p=0.006), HIV infection (HR=2.56, 95%CI,1.28\u20135.12, p=0.008) and smoking (HR=2.79, 95% CI,1.01\u20137.75, p=0.049). Independent predictors of mortality among HIV negative patients included; comorbidities (HR = 4.25, 95% CI; 1.15-15.7, p = 0.03) and being clinically diagnosed (HR = 4.8, 95% CI; 1.43-16, P = 0.01) while among HIV positive; they included smoking (HR = 4.05, 95% CI;1.03-16.0, P = 0.04), severe illness (HR = 5.84, 95% CI; 1.08-31.6, P = 0.04), severe malnutrition (HR = 4.56, 95% CI; 1.33-15.6, P = 0.01) and comorbidities (HR = 3.04, 95% CI; 1.03-8.97, p = 0.04). More than a half (52%) of mortality among HIV positive were ascribed to advancedHIV diseases while majority of (72%) of HIV negative patients died to TB related lung disease. Conditions contributing to mortality were largely patient and health system related.\r\nConclusion: Risk of TB mortality is high and is attributable to comorbidities, severe illness, HIV and smoking. Causes and conditions contributing to TB mortality are multifaceted but modifiable. Improving TB\/HIV care could reduce mortality in this setting.\r\nKeywords: TB mortality; survival distributions; treatment outcomes; Vihiga.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v23i1.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T10:39:15Z","timestamp":1681468755000},"page":"218-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predictors of mortality and survival probability distribution among patients on tuberculosis treatment in Vihiga County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Waliaula Wekunda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dickens","family":"S Omondi Aduda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Guyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Odongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"container-title":["African Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/245339\/232101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/245339\/232101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T10:41:05Z","timestamp":1681468865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/view\/245339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v23i1.24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1729-0503","1680-6905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1729-0503","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1680-6905","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]}}}