{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T18:37:15Z","timestamp":1776451035141,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr H. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most predominant pathogen that causes severe urinary tract infections (UTIs). Their therapeutic options are limited due to the rising of antibiotic resistance.\r\nObjective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance profile, redundancy of virulence genes, and their correlation.\r\nMethods: 41 UPEC isolates were collected from patients diagnosed with UTI, identified by the standard microbiological analysis, and tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotic agents using the Kirby-Bauer method. The ability of UPEC isolates to produce biofilm, hemolyze and cause clumping of blood was determined. Virulence genes were detected by PCR analysis.\r\nResults: The percentage of UPEC isolates was higher in females (78.1%) than in males (21.9%). UPEC isolates showed a high degree of resistance towards Ceftriaxone (90.2%), Cefepime (90.2%), Ciprofloxacin (82.9%), Levofloxacin (82.9%), and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (80.4%). Biofilm formation (87.8%) and hemagglutinin activity (80.4%) were the most predominant virulence markers expressed in UPEC and showed a high degree of correlation with the antibiotic resistance profile. PCR analysis showed that fimH (85.3%) was the most prevalent gene detected in UPEC isolates, followed by aac3-II (80.4%) among the five genes tested, blaTEM, aac3-II, sul2, hlyA, and fimH. The correlation between antibiotic resistant patterns and the presence aac3-II gene was significantly high. The resistance to the sulfonamides\u2019 combined antibiotic was highly correlated with the presence of sulf2 gene.\r\nConclusion: Antimicrobial resistance was significantly linked to phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors. These results will aid in elucidating the pathogenicity of UTIs and guiding treatment decisions.\r\nKeywords: UPEC resistance profile; virulence factor; Biofilm formation; hemagglutinin; hemolysin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v23i3.56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T14:38:44Z","timestamp":1697121524000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Relationship between antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in uropathogenic  Escherichia coli isolates from Ramadi, Iraq: phenotype and genotype identification"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Dhahir Abed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thamer","family":"Y Mutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"container-title":["African Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/257004\/242768","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/257004\/242768","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T14:39:40Z","timestamp":1697121580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/view\/257004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v23i3.56","relation":{},"ISSN":["1729-0503","1680-6905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1729-0503","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1680-6905","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}}}