{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:28:26Z","timestamp":1767828506782,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr H. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tuberculosis(TB) is still among the leading causes of death from a single infectious pathogen worldwide. TB treatment is long, requires multiple drug combinations, and therefore adherence monitoring. TB hair drug levels have been suggested as a technique of treatment adherence monitoring; however, the drug levels might be affected by physiological factors, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking. This can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TB drugs.\r\nObjective: To assess the effect of physiological factors, smoking, and alcohol on isoniazid hair drug levels during TB treatment.\r\nMethods: Patients were assessed for diabetes Mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, age, weight, and gender. Hair drug levels were measured by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).\r\nResults: We screened a total of 102 TB patients and enrolled 56 participants out of which 50 completed the study. We excluded 15 participants who were not sampled exactly at 1-month appointment dates and of the remaining 35; the mean hair drug level was 0.0706ng\/mg, 95% CI: 0.0303-0.1109. Tests of interaction across the different subgroups yielded no statistically significant interaction coefficients(IC) except for age and gender (IC=-0.36.95%, CI: -0.55\u20140.17, P=0.001).\r\nConclusion: Physiological factors, alcohol, and smoking do not affect isoniazid hair drug levels.\r\nKeywords: Physiological characteristics; smoking; TB patients; intensive TB treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v25i2.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T09:13:21Z","timestamp":1756804401000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of physiological characteristics, smoking, and alcohol use on isoniazid hair  drug levels among pulmonary TB patients: a cross-sectional study at one month of intensive TB treatment"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Muzanyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ntale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Salata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Mukonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"K Mafigiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mubiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Joloba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"S Bbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"container-title":["African Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/300561\/282588","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/download\/300561\/282588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:45:09Z","timestamp":1764769509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ahs\/article\/view\/300561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v25i2.2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1729-0503","1680-6905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1729-0503","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1680-6905","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]}}}