{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:14:41Z","timestamp":1790957681389,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethiop J Health Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among women during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vitamin D\u00a0 deficiency and their shared modifiable environmental factors among pregnant women in Indonesia and Malaysia.\r\nMethods: Blood samples of 844 third-trimester pregnant women (Indonesians: 311; Malaysians: 533) were collected to determine their serum\u00a0 25(OH) D levels. Information on sun exposure and sun protection behaviours were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Dietary vitamin D\u00a0 intake was assessed by using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.\r\nResults: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (&lt;30 nmol\/L) among Indonesian and Malaysian pregnant women were 42.4% and 72.0%,\u00a0 respectively. Percentage of exposed body surface area was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency among Indonesian pregnant women (OR =\u00a0 0.21, 95% CI = 0.09-0.48). Among Malaysian pregnant women, higher intakes of dietary vitamin D were associated with lower risk of vitamin D\u00a0 deficiency (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29-0.81). Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women\u00a0 who had a daily intake of at least 15 mcg vitamin D (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38-0.88) and exposure of more than 27% body surface area to the sunlight\u00a0 (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.60).\r\nConclusion: Despite abundant sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant women in tropical countries. The present study suggests\u00a0 that nutrition education on vitamin D intake and sun exposure during pregnancy is necessary for primary prevention of vitamin D\u00a0 deficiency in pregnant women living in the tropical countries.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v32i5.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T09:29:31Z","timestamp":1721813371000},"page":"885-894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maternal Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Environmental Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Woon Fui","family":"Chee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arif Sabta","family":"Aji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Indrawaty","family":"Lipoeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Yit","family":"Siew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"container-title":["Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejhs\/article\/download\/232146\/219264","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejhs\/article\/download\/232146\/219264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T09:30:07Z","timestamp":1721813407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejhs\/article\/view\/232146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ejhs.v32i5.3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2413-7170","1029-1857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2413-7170","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1029-1857","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]}}}