{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:14:27Z","timestamp":1767849267550,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethiop J Health Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The cost of managing CKD is high, yet there is limited information available regarding this burden in sub-Saharan Africa.\r\nMETHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 100 CKD patients at the Renal Unit of a hospital between July and December 2019. Data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Frequencies, means, percentages, standard deviations, medians, and interquartile ranges were used for data analysis. ANOVA and chi-square tests were also employed to assess correlations.\r\nRESULTS: The mean total monthly cost of treatment was 135,199 \u00b1 81,060 Naira ($417 \u00b1 250), with direct and indirect costs averaging 127,565 \u00b1 76,139.8 Naira ($393 \u00b1 235) and 8,309 \u00b1 16,735 Naira ($26 \u00b1 52), respectively. Direct costs accounted for 94% of the total illness cost, with hemodialysis alone representing 86.1% of the total cost. There were no significant differences in treatment costs across socioeconomic classes. Out-of-pocket spending accounted for 88% of healthcare expenses.Conclusion: The cost of CKD management is high, with hemodialysis comprising the majority of the cost. Most patients pay out of pocket. It is recommended that a comprehensive health insurance scheme be implemented, especially to cover hemodialysis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v34i6.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:49:01Z","timestamp":1760104141000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Direct and Indirect Cost of Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease among Patients at the Renal Unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"34","author":[{"family":"Arodiwe Ejikeme Benneth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Arodiwe Ijeoma Ogugua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Okoronkwo Ijeoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"container-title":["Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejhs\/article\/download\/284497\/268055","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejhs\/article\/download\/284497\/268055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:49:01Z","timestamp":1760104141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejhs\/article\/view\/284497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ejhs.v34i6.14","relation":{},"ISSN":["2413-7170","1029-1857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2413-7170","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1029-1857","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}}}