{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T13:24:19Z","timestamp":1771593859107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"African Journals Online (AJOL)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mal. Med. J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective This retrospective study explored the clinical impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients through comprehensive analysis of liver\/renal function parameters, cellular immunity profiles, and long-term survival outcomes.MethodsThe study enrolled 28 HCV-infected MHD patients (MHD-HCV group), 28 HCV-negative MHD patients (MHD group), and 21 healthy controls (NC group) retrospectively. Liver and renal functions, lymphocyte subset analysis, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were assessed. Overall survival at a median follow-up of 4 years was compared between the MHD-HCV and MHD groups.ResultsBiochemical analysis demonstrated significantly elevated liver enzymes in the MHD-HCV group compared to MHD group, with mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of 26.6 \u00b1 18.6 vs. 10.1 \u00b1 7.1U\/L (P &lt; 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of 20.0 \u00b1 9.0 vs. 11.8 \u00b1 5.5U\/L (P = 0.001).Furthermore, the MHD-HCV group had elevated total bile acid (7.70 \u00b1 7.17 vs. 3.44 \u00b1 1.75, P = 0.007), total protein (67.9 \u00b1 5.2 vs. 63.9 \u00b1 5.6, P = 0.012), globulin (31.1 \u00b1 5.9 vs. 26.5 \u00b1 3.6, P = 0.003). Immunological profiling revealed significant upregulation of both regulatory T cells (Tregs: 4.48 \u00b1 2.94 vs. 2.48 \u00b1 1.81, P &lt; 0.001) and interleukin-10 (IL-10: 78.7 \u00b1 45.1 vs. 34.2 \u00b1 15.2, P &lt; 0.001).The patients in the MHD-HCV group had higher mortality risk compared with those in the MHD group (\u03c72=4.383, P = 0.036).Conclusion HCV infection in MHD patients leads to non-negligible liver dysfunction, elevated Tregs and IL-10, as well as higher mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v37i3.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:47:56Z","timestamp":1771591676000},"page":"129-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Liver Function, T Cell Immunity, and Mortality Risk in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.4314","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syleenah","family":"Molebogeng Moloto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingli","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2895","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"container-title":["Malawi Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/mmj\/article\/download\/305292\/286975","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/mmj\/article\/download\/305292\/286975","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:47:59Z","timestamp":1771591679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/mmj\/article\/view\/305292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/mmj.v37i3.2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1995-7262","1995-7270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1995-7262","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1995-7270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}