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Biological medications also demonstrate a cardioprotective effect, reducing the risk of MI by 20%-40%, although some (e.g. , tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 inhibitors) may increase the risk of HF in predisposed patients. Janus kinase inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with pre-existing risk factors. Therefore, optimal control of inflammation in RA can reduce cardiovascular risk; however, drug selection should consider individual safety profiles. 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