{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:17:57Z","timestamp":1788401877739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Biol Chem"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>It has been reported that transforming growth factor beta (TGF\u03b2) might play an important role for the development of various types of carcinomas. TGF\u03b2 is produced from not only cancer cells but also stromal cells such as fibroblasts. Controversial functions of TGF\u03b2 for tumor progression such as tumor suppression and progression has been widely recognized. TGF\u03b2 has 3 subtypes including TGF\u03b21, TGF\u03b22, and TGF\u03b23. The role of TGF\u03b21 and TGF\u03b23 for gastric carcinoma (GC) progression has been well-known, but that of TGF\u03b22 remains to be unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AIM<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To clarify the significance of TGF\u03b22 in the development of GC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Immunohistochemical analysis of GC was performed to clarify the clinical function of TGF\u03b22 on the progression of GC by evaluating TGF\u03b22 expression on both cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) using 518 GC specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>High TGF\u03b22 expression in cancer cells was significantly correlated with T factor and stage, but not with vascular invasion and lymphatic invasion. In contrast, TGF\u03b22 expression on CAFs was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and vascular invasion, but not with the T factor. Five-year survival of patients with TGF\u03b22-high on cancer cells and -low on CAFs was significantly worse in compared to the other group These findings suggest that TGF\u03b22 might play differential roles between cancer cells and CAFs in the development of GC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>TGF\u03b22 on cancer cells might stimulates the cancer proliferation and invasion, but not TGF\u03b22 on CAFs. TGF\u03b22 high on cancer cells and low on CAF or others might be a promising prognostic factor for patients with GC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4331\/wjbc.121664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:34:25Z","timestamp":1780914865000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual function of transforming growth factor beta 2 in the progression of gastric carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.4331","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daiki","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinano","family":"Nishikubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canfeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Yashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2020_200708N706"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90110-3"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2006.10.005"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.07.001"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2005.09.009"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abe0407"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2013.12.008"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2091-x"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04484-2"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70055"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i33.9717"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70148"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023024"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106532"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2276-y"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005092"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.03.081"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01764-w"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0215(19970410)71:2<131::aid-ijc1>3.0.co;2-1"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15164"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Biological Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1949-8454\/full\/v17\/i3\/121664.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1949-8454\/full\/v17\/i3\/121664.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:00:51Z","timestamp":1788400851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/1949-8454\/full\/v17\/i3\/121664.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"alternative-id":["121664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4331\/wjbc.121664","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-8454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1949-8454","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]}}}