{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:38:33Z","timestamp":1791052713680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SMW Supporting Association","issue":"2122","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]],"date-time":"2011-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Swiss Med Wkly"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past decade, use of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMCs) has proven to be safe in  phase-I\/II studies in  patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Taken as a whole, results support a modest yet significant  improvement in cardiac function in cell-treated patients. Skeletal myoblasts, adipose-derived stem cells, and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells  (MSCs) have also been tested in clinical studies. MSCs expand rapidly in vitro and have a potential for multilineage differentiation.  However, their regenerative capacity decreases with aging, limiting efficacy  in old patients. Allogeneic MSCs offer several advantages over autologous BMCs; however, immune rejection of  allogeneic cells remains a key issue. As human MSCs do not express the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II under normal  conditions, and because they modulate T-cell-mediated responses, it has been proposed that allogeneic MSCs may escape immunosurveillance. However, recent data suggest that allogeneic MSCs may  switch immune states in vivo to express HLA class II, present alloantigen and induce  immune rejection. Allogeneic MSCs, unlike syngeneic ones, were eliminated from  rat hearts by 5 weeks, with a loss of functional benefit. Allogeneic MSCs have also  been tested in initial clinical studies in cardiology patients. Intravenous  allogeneic MSC infusion has proven to be safe in a phase-I trial in patients  with acute MI. Endoventricular allogeneic MSC injection has been associated with  reduced adverse cardiac events in a phase-II trial in patients with chronic  heart failure. The long-term safety and efficacy of allogeneic MSCs for cardiac  repair remain to be established. Ongoing phase-II trials are addressing these  issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2011.13209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T03:48:08Z","timestamp":1319687288000},"page":"w13209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cardiac  repair with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells after\u00a0myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.57187","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vassalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziano","family":"Moccetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36756","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]]},"container-title":["Swiss Medical Weekly"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/download\/1298\/1480","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/download\/1298\/1481","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/download\/1298\/1480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:57:17Z","timestamp":1755226637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/view\/1298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2122","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4414\/smw.2011.13209","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-3997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-3997","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]]}}}