{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:25:00Z","timestamp":1767831900572,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SMW Supporting Association","issue":"4344","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Swiss Med Wkly"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinsonism refers to a neurological  syndrome embracing bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, tremor at rest and impaired  postural reflexes, and involving a broad differential diagnosis. Having ruled  out secondary causes (most importantly drugs), distinguishing  levodopa-responsive idiopathic parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) from chiefly treatment-resistant  and hence atypical parkinsonism is essential. Recent clinico-pathological  studies using data-driven approaches have refined the traditional  classifications of parkinsonism by identifying a spectrum of subtypes with  different prognoses. For example, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP),  characterised by early vertical gaze limitation and falls, probably has  a milder variant with predominant  parkinsonism (PSP-P) which may respond quite well to levodopa before  converting to the classical disease, relabelled Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS).  Analysis of PD subcategories has shown that tremor-dominant forms are probably  less benign than was hitherto thought and that in mild cases dystonia should  rather be considered. In addition, life expectancy in early onset PD may be  shortened. Despite the clinical and pathological overlap of the various  subtypes, appreciating the heterogeneity of parkinsonism also includes  identifying non-motor features such as early autonomous or cognitive problems  which are potentially amenable to pharmacological treatment. Not least,  non-motor symptoms, along with postural instability, render the patient particularly  vulnerable to side effects, and hence   avoiding unnecessary treatment is equally important in the management of  parkinsonian disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2011.13293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T18:41:19Z","timestamp":1320172879000},"page":"w13293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Parkinsonism:  heterogeneity of a common neurological syndrome"],"prefix":"10.57187","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Kaegi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"36756","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]},"container-title":["Swiss Medical Weekly"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/download\/1371\/1626","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/download\/1371\/1627","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/download\/1371\/1626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T03:17:01Z","timestamp":1755227821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smw.ch\/index.php\/smw\/article\/view\/1371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4344","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4414\/smw.2011.13293","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-3997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-3997","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]]}}}