{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T05:32:34Z","timestamp":1739511154760,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Uniwersytet Jagiellonski - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/deed.pl"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AMSIK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>W ostatnich latach media coraz cz\u0119\u015bciej poruszane s\u0105 przypadkami \u015bmierci m\u0142odych zazwyczaj os\u00f3b, w trakcie zatrzymywania przez policj\u0119. \u015amier\u0107 w tych przypadkach dotyka zazwyczaj osoby pobudzone psychoruchowo, obezw\u0142adniane z u\u017cyciem si\u0142y, a badania po\u015bmiertne nie wykazuj\u0105 jednoznacznej urazowej przyczyny zgonu. Celem pracy jest pr\u00f3ba ustalenia mechanizmu i okoliczno\u015bci zgon\u00f3w w trakcie obezw\u0142adniania os\u00f3b pobudzonych psychoruchowo. Analizie poddano przypadki opiniowane od 2010 roku, zar\u00f3wno jako sekcje zw\u0142ok, jak i oceniane na podstawie materia\u0142u aktowego. W analizowanym okresie ZMS w Krakowie wyda\u0142 opinie w 10 tego typu przypadkach, w dziewi\u0119ciu na podstawie w\u0142asnych sekcji zw\u0142ok, w jednym na podstawie materia\u0142u aktowego. We wszystkich nast\u0105pi\u0142o nag\u0142e zatrzymanie kr\u0105\u017cenia lub utrata przytomno\u015bci, a resuscytacja okazywa\u0142a si\u0119 nieskuteczna. W sze\u015bciu przyczyn\u0105 pobudzenia by\u0142a ostra psychoza, w czterech dzia\u0142anie narkotyk\u00f3w, zazwyczaj w wysokim st\u0119\u017ceniu. Tylko w pi\u0119ciu przypadkach stwierdzono obecno\u015b\u0107 wybroczyn w spoj\u00f3wkach. Najbardziej prawdopodobn\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 \u015bmierci by\u0142o wsp\u00f3\u0142istnienie nasilonego wysi\u0142ku fizycznego spowodowanego patologicznym pobudzeniem psychoruchowym, z przymusowym unieruchomieniem pogarszaj\u0105cym funkcjonowanie uk\u0142adu oddechowego. Mechanizm ten jest okre\u015blany jako asfiksja restrykcyjna.\n\n \n\nRestraint asphyxia. An analysis of the circumstances and mechanism of death in agitated, physically restrained individuals\n\nRecent years saw frequent media reports of young people who die while they are being arrested by the police. Death in these circumstances affects people who are agitated and restrained with the use of force, with their autopsies indicating no unequivocally traumatic cause of death. The goal of this study was to identify the mechanism and circumstances of sudden deaths in agitated individuals who are being restrained. Ten cases evaluated at our center since 2010 were included in this study: nine involved forensic postmortem examination and one involved casefile analysis. In each case there was sudden cardiac arrest or at least a loss of consciousness, and the cardiopulmonary resuscitation proved ineffective. In six cases the cause of agitation was acute psychosis, in four it was an effect of narcotics, usually in high concentration. Conjunctival petechiae were detected in only five cases. The most probable cause of death in the evaluated cases was the combination of physical exertion caused by pathological psychomotor agitation and forcible restraint, hindering the function of the respiratory system. This mechanism is known as restraint asphyxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4467\/16891716amsik.22.002.16231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1663329250000},"page":"3-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Restraint asphyxia. An analysis of the circumstances and mechanism of death in agitated, physically restrained individuals"],"prefix":"10.4467","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5930-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Konopka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8114-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-5779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Moska\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kopacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Strona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7935-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Rzepecka-Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0477-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kluza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8174-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Ju\u017awik-Kopacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Bolecha\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10051","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-020-00291-8","article-title":"The role of restraint in fatal excited delirium: a research synthesis and pooled analysis","volume":"16","author":"Str\u00f6mmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"1. 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