{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:54:06Z","timestamp":1774655646224,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Uniwersytet Jagiellonski - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AMSIK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A direct punch with a clenched fist to the face most often results in soft tissue damage, which is usually not serious enough to be considered a severe health impairment. This article presents two cases in which a single punch to the orbital region led to a blowout fracture. The first case resulted in additional displacement of the right lens into the vitreous body, secondary glaucoma and retinal detachment. In the second case, the victim sustained retinal concussion and subretinal haemorrhage due to choroidal rupture at the level of the macula resulting in temporary, almost complete loss of vision. Such injuries, although possible, are not typical of the mechanism described. In both cases, the effects meet the legal definition of impairment of the functioning of a bodily organ or disturbance of health lasting longer than 7 days within the meaning of the relevant article of the Polish Penal Code. Additionally, in the second case, we deal with exposure to direct danger \u2013 loss of vision in one eye (another severe disability) within the meaning of the relevant articles of the Polish Penal Code<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4467\/16891716amsik.24.013.20342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T05:49:40Z","timestamp":1729057780000},"page":"147-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13003\/0pyd3js","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rare consequences of a single fist punch to the orbital region \u2013 a description of two cases = Rzadkie konsekwencje pojedynczego uderzenia pi\u0119\u015bci\u0105 w okolic\u0119 oczodo\u0142u \u2013 opis dw\u00f3ch przypadk\u00f3w"],"prefix":"10.4467","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0518-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Toru\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1826-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Engelgardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1094-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Szwajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Specialist Children's Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3148-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Krzy\u017canowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10051","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4467\/16891716AMSIK.21.001.14224","article-title":"Trudno\u015bci opiniodawcze zwi\u0105zane z ci\u0119\u017ckimi obra\u017ceniami cz\u0119\u015bci twarzowej i m\u00f3zgowej czaszki powsta\u0142ymi w wyniku uderzenia pi\u0119\u015bci\u0105","volume":"71","author":"Arkuszewski","year":"2021","unstructured":"1. 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