{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:50:10Z","timestamp":1775148610017,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) using standardized outcome measures from the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) examination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method:<\/jats:title>\n This is a retrospective review of merged, prospectively collected, multicenter data from the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Database and institutional trauma databases from five academic medical centers across the United States. Patients with SCI and a documented BAC were analyzed for American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) motor score, FIM, sensory light touch score, and sensory proprioception score upon admission and discharge from rehabilitation. Linear regression was used for the analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study identified 210 patients. Mean age at injury was 47 \u00b1 20.5 years, 73% were male, 31% had an AIS grade A injury, 56% had \u22651 comorbidity, mean BAC was 0.42 \u00b1 0.9 g\/dL, and the mean Glasgow Coma Score upon arrival was 13.27 \u00b1 4.0. ISNCSCI motor score gain positively correlated with higher BAC (4.80; confidence interval [CI], 2.39\u20137.22;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < .0001). FIM motor gain showed a trend toward correlation with higher BAC, although it did not reach statistical significance (3.27; CI, \u22120.07 to 6.61;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .055). ISNCSCI sensory light touch score gain and sensory proprioception score gain showed no correlation with BAC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .44,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .09, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The study showed a positive association between higher BAC and neurologic recovery in patients with SCI as measured by ISNCSCI motor score gain during rehabilitation. This finding has not been previously reported in the literature and warrants further study to better understand possible protective physiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between BAC and SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci20-00014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T14:25:30Z","timestamp":1611930330000},"page":"261-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Associated With Improved AIS Motor Score After Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Josephine","family":"Volovetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Joan","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Argyrios","family":"Stampas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Nemunaitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"274","article-title":"Incidence rates 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Epidemiol","first-page":"37","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury and acute hospitalization and rehabilitation charges for spinal cord injuries in Oklahoma, 1988\u20131990","volume":"139","year":"1994","unstructured":"Price\n C,\n \n \n Makintubee\n S,\n \n \n Herndon\n W,\n \n \n Istre\n GR.\n \n \n Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury and acute hospitalization and rehabilitation charges for spinal cord injuries in Oklahoma, 1988\u20131990.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Epidemiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t139(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t37\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t47."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b3","series-title":"Med Sci Monitor","first-page":"Cr17","article-title":"Alcohol involvement in burn, submersion, spinal cord, and brain injuries","volume":"10","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levy\n DT,\n \n \n Mallonee\n S,\n \n \n Miller\n TR,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAlcohol involvement in burn, submersion, spinal cord, and brain injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Monitor.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t10(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\tCr17\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t24."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b4","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"798","article-title":"Alcohol intoxication and its effects on traumatic spinal cord injury outcomes","volume":"31","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crutcher\n CL,\n 2nd,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUgiliwenezaB,HodesJE,KongM,BoakyeM.\n Alcohol intoxication and its effects on traumatic spinal cord injury outcomes.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Neurotrauma.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t31(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t798\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t802."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b5","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"316","article-title":"Relationship between substance use and the onset of spinal cord injuries: A medical chart review","volume":"25","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eldridge\n LA,\n \n \n Piatt\n JA,\n \n \n Agley\n J,\n \n \n Gerke\n S.\n \n \n Relationship between substance use and the onset of spinal cord injuries: A medical chart review.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t25(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t316\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t321."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b6","series-title":"J Stud Alcohol","first-page":"517","article-title":"When alcohol and water don\u2019t mix: Diving under the influence","volume":"55","year":"1994","unstructured":"Perrine\n MW,\n \n \n Mundt\n JC,\n \n \n Weiner\n RI.\n \n \n When alcohol and water don\u2019t mix: Diving under the influence.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Stud Alcohol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t517\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t524."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b7","series-title":"Sports Med (Auckland)","first-page":"228","article-title":"Aetiology and occurrence of diving injuries. A review of diving safety","volume":"23","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blanksby\n BA,\n \n \n Wearne\n FK,\n \n \n Elliott\n BC,\n \n \n Blitvich\n JD.\n \n \n Aetiology and occurrence of diving injuries. A review of diving safety.\n\t\t\t\t\tSports Med (Auckland).\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t23(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t228\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t246."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b8","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"255","article-title":"Epidemiology of sport-related spinal cord injuries: A systematic review","volume":"39","year":"016","unstructured":"Chan\n CW,\n \n \n Eng\n JJ,\n \n \n Tator\n CH,\n \n \n Krassioukov\n A.\n \n \n Epidemiology of sport-related spinal cord injuries: A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t016;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t255\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t264."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-261-b9","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"509","article-title":"Prevention of spinal cord injuries that occur in swimming pools","volume":"35","year":"997","unstructured":"DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Sekar\n P.\n \n \n Prevention of spinal cord injuries that occur in swimming pools.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal 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