{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:53:29Z","timestamp":1787320409754,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Secondary health conditions (SHC) are physical and mental health conditions that are causally related to disabilities. Studies have found that SHC increase risk of negative health outcomes among people with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). However, little has been done to assess the association of SHC with the risk of chronic health conditions (CHC) after TSCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To identify the prevalence of CHC in adults with TSCI, changes in CHC at follow-up, and the associations of baseline SHC with future CHC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Participants included 501 adults with TSCI of at least 1-year duration, identified through a population-based surveillance system. Baseline and follow-up self-report assessments were completed. We measured seven SHC: fatigue, spasticity, pain, pressure ulcers, subsequent injury, fracture, and anxiety disorder, and measured seven CHC: diabetes, heart attack, coronary artery disease, stroke, cancer, hypertension, and high blood cholesterol. Control variables included gender, race\/ethnicity, age at injury, years post injury, injury severity, smoking status, binge drinking, and taking prescription medication. We implemented a Poisson regression model for the multivariate analyses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The total number of CHC, the percentage of participants having at least one CHC, and prevalence of three individual CHC (diabetes, cancer, and high cholesterol) increased from baseline to follow-up. After controlling for demographic, injury characteristics, and behavioral factors, pain interference and anxiety disorder at baseline were associated with the total number of CHC at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n CHC are common among adults with TSCI and increase significantly over time. Pain and anxiety disorders appear to be risk factors for future CHC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci20-00020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T14:25:53Z","timestamp":1611930353000},"page":"283-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Association of Secondary Health Conditions With Future Chronic Health Conditions Among Persons With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"DiPiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"373","article-title":"Secondary health conditions in individuals aging with SCI: Terminology, concepts and analytic approaches","volume":"50","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen\n MP,\n \n \n Molton\n IR,\n \n \n Groah\n SL,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSecondary health conditions in individuals aging with SCI: Terminology, concepts and analytic approaches.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t373\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t378."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b2","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"882","article-title":"Frequency and age effects of secondary health conditions in individuals with spinal cord 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1976)","first-page":"147","article-title":"The association between spinal cord injury and acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"40","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang\n TY,\n \n \n Chen\n HJ,\n \n \n Sung\n FC,\n \n \n Kao\n CH.\n \n \n The association between spinal cord injury and acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide population-based cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpine (Phila Pa 1976).\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t40(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t147\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t152."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b14","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","first-page":"489","article-title":"Increased cardiovascular disease risk in Swedish persons with paraplegia: The Stockholm spinal cord injury study","volume":"42","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahman\n K,\n \n \n Nash\n MS,\n \n \n Lewis\n JE,\n \n \n Seiger\n A,\n \n \n Levi\n R.\n \n \n Increased cardiovascular disease risk in Swedish persons with paraplegia: The Stockholm spinal cord injury study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t489\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t492."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b15","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic health conditions and hospital utilization in adults with spinal cord injury: an analysis of self-report and South Carolina administrative billing data","volume":"57","year":"2019","unstructured":"DiPiro\n ND,\n \n \n Murday\n D,\n \n \n Corley\n EH,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Prevalence of chronic health conditions and hospital utilization in adults with spinal cord injury: an analysis of self-report and South Carolina administrative billing data.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t57(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t33\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"issue":"14","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b16","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Increased risk of stroke after spinal cord injury: A nationwide 4-year follow-up cohort study","volume":"78","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu\n JC,\n \n \n Chen\n YC,\n \n \n Liu\n L,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIncreased risk of stroke after spinal cord injury: A nationwide 4-year follow-up cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t14):\n\t\t\t\t\t1051\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1057."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b17","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","first-page":"919","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in people with long-term spinal cord injury living in the Netherlands","volume":"39","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adriaansen\n JJ,\n \n \n Douma-Haan\n Y,\n \n \n van Asbeck\n FW,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in people with long-term spinal cord injury living in the Netherlands.\n\t\t\t\t\tDisabil 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Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t413\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t418."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b30","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1770","article-title":"Health, secondary conditions, and life expectancy after spinal cord injury","volume":"92","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n Health, secondary conditions, and life expectancy after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t92(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1770\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1775."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b31","series-title":"Clin J Pain","first-page":"147","article-title":"Prevalence of clinical hypertension in patients with chronic pain compared to nonpain general medical patients","volume":"21","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bruehl,\n S.,\n \n \n Chung,\n O.Y.,\n \n \n Jirjis,\n J.N.,\n \n \n Biridapalli,\n S.\n \n \n Prevalence of clinical hypertension in patients with chronic 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Merikangas,\n KR.\n \n \n Associations between anxiety disorders and physical illness.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t253(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t313\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t320."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b34","series-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry","first-page":"208","article-title":"Anxiety disordres and comorbid medical illness","volume":"30","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roy-Byrne,\n PP,\n \n \n Davidson,\n KW,\n \n \n Kessler,\n RC,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAnxiety disordres and comorbid medical illness.\n\t\t\t\t\tGen Hosp Psychiatry.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t30(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t208\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t225."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b35","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Risk of death after hospital discharge with traumatic spinal cord injury: A population-based analysis, 1998\u20132009","volume":"94","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao\n Y,\n \n \n Selassie\n AW,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Risk of death after hospital discharge with traumatic spinal cord injury: A population-based analysis, 1998\u20132009.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t94(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1054\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1061."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b36","series-title":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","year":"2010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\n\t\t\t\t\tBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/brfss\/questionnaires\/pdf-ques\/2010brfss.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2012."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b37","series-title":"Fatigue and Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence-Based Management of Strategies for Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines.\n\t\t\t\t\tFatigue and Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence-Based Management of Strategies for Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis.Washington, DC:\n\t\t\t\t\tParalyzed Veterans of America;\n\t\t\t\t\t1998."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b38","series-title":"Ann Acad Med, Singapore","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pain assessment: Global use of the Brief Pain Inventory","volume":"23","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cleeland\n CS,\n \n \n Ryan\n KM.\n \n \n Pain assessment: Global use of the Brief Pain Inventory.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Acad Med, Singapore.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t23:\n\t\t\t\t\t129\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t138."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"373","article-title":"Secondary health conditions in individuals aging with SCI: Terminology, concepts and analytic approaches","volume":"50","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jensen\n MP,\n \n \n Molton\n IR,\n \n \n Groah\n SL,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSecondary health conditions in individuals aging with SCI: Terminology, concepts and analytic approaches.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t373\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t378."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b2","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"882","article-title":"Frequency and age effects of secondary health conditions in individuals with spinal cord injury: A scoping review","volume":"51","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jensen\n MP,\n \n \n Truitt\n AR,\n \n \n Schomer\n KG,\n \n \n Yorkston\n KM,\n \n \n Baylor\n C,\n \n \n Molton\n IR.\n \n \n Frequency and age effects of secondary health conditions in individuals with spinal cord injury: A scoping review.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t882\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t892."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b3","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"673","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of chronic health conditions among persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"96","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saunders\n LL,\n \n \n Clarke\n A,\n \n \n Tate\n DG,\n \n \n Forchheimer\n M,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Lifetime prevalence of chronic health conditions among persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t96(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t673\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t679."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b4","series-title":"Phys Ther","first-page":"1728","article-title":"A conceptual model for identifying, preventing, and managing secondary conditions in people with disabilities","volume":"91","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rimmer\n JH,\n \n \n Chen\n MD,\n \n \n Hsieh\n K.\n \n \n A conceptual model for identifying, preventing, and managing secondary conditions in people with disabilities.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t91(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1728\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1739."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b5","series-title":"Prevent Chronic Dis","first-page":"120239","article-title":"Defining and measuring chronic conditions: Imperatives for research, policy, program, and practice","volume":"10","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goodman\n RA,\n \n \n Posner\n SF,\n \n \n Huang\n ES,\n \n \n Parekh\n AK,\n \n \n Koh\n HK.\n \n \n Defining and measuring chronic conditions: Imperatives for research, policy, program, and practice.\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevent Chronic Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t120239."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b6","series-title":"Multiple Chronic Conditions - A Strategic Framework: Optimum Health and Quality of Life for Individuals With Multiple Chronic Conditions.","year":"2010","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services.\n \n \n Multiple Chronic Conditions - A Strategic Framework: Optimum Health and Quality of Life for Individuals With Multiple Chronic Conditions.\n \n Washington, DC:\n\t\t\t\t\tAuthor;\n\t\t\t\t\t2010."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b7","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"684","article-title":"An evidence-based review of aging of the body systems following spinal cord injury","volume":"49","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hitzig\n SL,\n \n \n Eng\n JJ,\n \n \n Miller\n WC,\n \n \n Sakakibara\n BM.\n \n \n An evidence-based review of aging of the body systems following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t49(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t684\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t701."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b8","series-title":"SCI Nurs","first-page":"51","article-title":"Aging and spinal cord injury: medical, functional, and psychosocial changes","volume":"19","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kemp\n B,\n \n \n Thompson\n L.\n \n \n Aging and spinal cord injury: medical, functional, and psychosocial changes.\n\t\t\t\t\tSCI Nurs.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t19(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t51\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b9","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"723","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and spinal cord injury: Results from a national population health survey","volume":"81","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cragg\n JJ,\n \n \n Noonan\n VK,\n \n \n Krassioukov\n A,\n \n \n Borisoff\n J.\n \n \n Cardiovascular disease and spinal cord injury: Results from a national population health survey.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t81(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t723\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t728."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b10","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"90","article-title":"Males aging with a spinal cord injury: Prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions","volume":"93","year":"2012","unstructured":"LaVela\n SL,\n \n \n Evans\n CT,\n \n \n Prohaska\n TR,\n \n \n Miskevics\n S,\n \n \n Ganesh\n SP,\n \n \n Weaver\n FM.\n \n \n Males aging with a spinal cord injury: Prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t93(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t90\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t95."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b11","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"142","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in spinal cord injury: An overview of prevalence, risk, evaluation, and management","volume":"86","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myers\n J,\n \n \n Lee\n M,\n \n \n Kiralti\n J.\n \n \n Cardiovascular disease in spinal cord injury: An overview of prevalence, risk, evaluation, and management.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t86:\n\t\t\t\t\t142\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t152."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b12","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"310","article-title":"The relationship between neurological level of injury and symptomatic cardiovascular disease risk in the aging spinal injured","volume":"39","year":"2001","unstructured":"Groah\n SL,\n \n \n Weitzenkamp\n D,\n \n \n Sett\n P,\n \n \n Soni\n B,\n \n \n Savic\n G.\n \n \n The relationship between neurological level of injury and symptomatic cardiovascular disease risk in the aging spinal injured.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t310\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t317."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b13","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"147","article-title":"The association between spinal cord injury and acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"40","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang\n TY,\n \n \n Chen\n HJ,\n \n \n Sung\n FC,\n \n \n Kao\n CH.\n \n \n The association between spinal cord injury and acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide population-based cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpine (Phila Pa 1976).\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t40(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t147\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t152."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b14","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","first-page":"489","article-title":"Increased cardiovascular disease risk in Swedish persons with paraplegia: The Stockholm spinal cord injury study","volume":"42","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahman\n K,\n \n \n Nash\n MS,\n \n \n Lewis\n JE,\n \n \n Seiger\n A,\n \n \n Levi\n R.\n \n \n Increased cardiovascular disease risk in Swedish persons with paraplegia: The Stockholm spinal cord injury study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t489\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t492."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b15","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic health conditions and hospital utilization in adults with spinal cord injury: an analysis of self-report and South Carolina administrative billing data","volume":"57","year":"2019","unstructured":"DiPiro\n ND,\n \n \n Murday\n D,\n \n \n Corley\n EH,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Prevalence of chronic health conditions and hospital utilization in adults with spinal cord injury: an analysis of self-report and South Carolina administrative billing data.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t57(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t33\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"issue":"14","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b16","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Increased risk of stroke after spinal cord injury: A nationwide 4-year follow-up cohort study","volume":"78","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu\n JC,\n \n \n Chen\n YC,\n \n \n Liu\n L,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIncreased risk of stroke after spinal cord injury: A nationwide 4-year follow-up cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t14):\n\t\t\t\t\t1051\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1057."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b17","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","first-page":"919","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in people with long-term spinal cord injury living in the Netherlands","volume":"39","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adriaansen\n JJ,\n \n \n Douma-Haan\n Y,\n \n \n van Asbeck\n FW,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in people with long-term spinal cord injury living in the Netherlands.\n\t\t\t\t\tDisabil Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t919\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t927."},{"issue":"21","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b18","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and type 2 diabetes: Results from a population health survey","volume":"81","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cragg\n JJ,\n \n \n Noonan\n VK,\n \n \n Dvorak\n M,\n \n \n Krassioukov\n A,\n \n \n Mancini\n GB,\n \n \n Borisoff\n JF.\n \n \n Spinal cord injury and type 2 diabetes: Results from a population health survey.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t81(\n\t\t\t\t\t21):\n\t\t\t\t\t1864\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1868."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b19","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"387","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in individuals with spinal cord injury or disorder","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lavela\n SL,\n \n \n Weaver\n FM,\n \n \n Goldstein\n B,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tDiabetes mellitus in individuals with spinal cord injury or disorder.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t387\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t395."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b20","series-title":"Disabil Health J","first-page":"533","article-title":"Self-reported incidence and age of onset of chronic comorbid medical conditions in adults aging with long-term physical disability","volume":"9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith\n AE,\n \n \n Molton\n IR,\n \n \n Jensen\n MP.\n \n \n Self-reported incidence and age of onset of chronic comorbid medical conditions in adults aging with long-term physical disability.\n\t\t\t\t\tDisabil Health J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t9(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t533\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t538."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b21","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter analysis","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cardenas\n D,\n \n \n Hoffman\n J,\n \n \n Kirshblum\n S,\n \n \n McKinley\n W.\n \n \n Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t1757\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1763."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b22","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"359","article-title":"Patterns of morbidity and rehospitalisation following spinal cord injury","volume":"42","year":"2004","unstructured":"Middleton\n JW,\n \n \n Lim\n K,\n \n \n Taylor\n L,\n \n \n Sodden\n R,\n \n \n Rutkowski\n S.\n \n \n Patterns of morbidity and rehospitalisation following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t359\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t367."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b23","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"53","article-title":"Causes and costs of unplanned hospitalizations among persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"16","year":"2011","unstructured":"DeVivo\n M,\n \n \n Farris\n V.\n \n \n Causes and costs of unplanned hospitalizations among persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t16(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t61."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b24","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"1847","article-title":"Profile and costs of secondary conditions resulting in emergency department presentations and readmission to hospital following traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"47","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabbe\n BJ,\n \n \n Nunn\n A.\n \n \n Profile and costs of secondary conditions resulting in emergency department presentations and readmission to hospital following traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tInjury.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t47(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1847\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1855."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b25","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","article-title":"Concentration of costs among high utilizers of health care services over the first 10 years after spinal cord injury rehabilitation: A population-based study [online publication December 6, 2018]","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Murday\n D,\n \n \n Corley\n EH,\n \n \n DiPiro\n ND.\n \n \n Concentration of costs among high utilizers of health care services over the first 10 years after spinal cord injury rehabilitation: A population-based study [online publication December 6, 2018].\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b26","series-title":"Neuroepidemiology","first-page":"205","article-title":"Comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality of persons with traumatic spinal cord injuries to the general Swiss population: Results from a national cohort study","volume":"52","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chamberlain\n JD,\n \n \n Buzzell\n A,\n \n \n Gmunder\n HP,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tComparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality of persons with traumatic spinal cord injuries to the general Swiss population: Results from a national cohort 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cause-specific mortality.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b29","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"413","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury in the USA","volume":"51","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao\n Y,\n \n \n Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Dipiro\n N.\n \n \n Risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury in the USA.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t413\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t418."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1082-0744-26-4-283-b30","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1770","article-title":"Health, secondary conditions, and life expectancy after spinal cord injury","volume":"92","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n Health, secondary conditions, and life expectancy after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med 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