{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:16:00Z","timestamp":1788185760005,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine optimal handgrip strength (HGS) cutoff points for greater functional independence and wheelchair skills in men with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to establish predictive equations for functional independence and wheelchair ability in men with SCI, based on demographic characteristics, HGS, and functionality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study conducted at a rehabilitation hospital, 54 men with SCI were recruited and stratified into high and low paraplegia groups. All participants performed a maximum HGS test to determine cutoff points for the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-III) and Adapted Manual Wheelchair Circuit (AMWC). The primary outcomes were the SCIM-III, AMWC, and HGS. Demographic characteristics obtained from participants\u2019 electronic medical records were the secondary outcomes, used as predictor variables of functional independence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The SCIM-III scale, performance score, and 3-minute overground wheeling test presented significant regression equations (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.45,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.69, and\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.72). The HGS showed a cutoff point of 102.5 kilogram force (kgf) to achieve a score of 70 on the SCIM-III and a 3-minute overground wheeling distance of 270 m. The HGS cutoff point to obtain a performance score of 23.7 seconds was 93.0 kgf.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HGS was a significant predictor for the SCIM-III score, AMWC performance score, and 3-minute overground wheeling test. Three significant predictive equations were established based on HGS. The cutoff points could be adopted as parameters for optimal functional independence and wheelchair skills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci20-00040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T17:07:52Z","timestamp":1628874472000},"page":"60-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Handgrip Strength Cutoff Points for Functional Independence and Wheelchair Ability in Men With Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Frederico Ribeiro","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo R.","family":"Gomes Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefferson R.","family":"Dorneles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos W.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brasilia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o H. C. L.","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo L.","family":"Carregaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Universidade de Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b1","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","first-page":"812","article-title":"Functional independence and health-related functional status following spinal cord injury: Aprospective study of the association with physical capacity","volume":"40","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haisma\n              JA,\n            \n            \n              Post\n              MW,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n      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 \n              McDonald\n              CM.\n            \n          \n          Aerobic fitness and upper extremity strength in patients aged 11 to 21 years with spinal cord dysfunction as compared to ideal weight and overweight controls.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t30(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1):\n\t\t\t\t\tS88\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t96."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b30","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"287","article-title":"The role of trunk stabilization in functional classification levels","volume":"26","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saltan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ankarali\n              H.\n            \n          \n          The role of trunk stabilization in functional classification levels.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Sport Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t26(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t287\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t293."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b31","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"475","article-title":"Proactive balance strategy while maintaining a stationary wheelie","volume":"82","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bonaparte\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Kirby\n              RL,\n            \n            \n              Macleod\n              DA.\n            \n          \n          Proactive balance strategy while maintaining a stationary wheelie.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t82(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t475\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t479."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b32","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"753","article-title":"Muscle function assessment in children","volume":"89","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jones\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Stratton\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Muscle function assessment in children.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Paediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t89(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t753\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t761."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b33","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"251","article-title":"Assessment of isokinetic and hand-held dynamometer measures of shoulder rotator strength among individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"78","year":"1997","unstructured":"May\n              LA,\n            \n            \n              Burnham\n              RS,\n            \n            \n              Steadward\n              RD.\n            \n          \n          Assessment of isokinetic and hand-held dynamometer measures of shoulder rotator strength among individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t251\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t255."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b34","series-title":"Aust OccTher J","first-page":"120","article-title":"Handgrip strength testing: A review of the literature","volume":"46","year":"1999","unstructured":"Innes\n              EV.\n            \n          \n          Handgrip strength testing: A review of the literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust OccTher J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t120\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t140."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b35","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"535","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kirshblum\n              SC,\n            \n            \n              Burns\n              SP,\n            \n            \n              Biering-Sorensen\n              F,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tInternational standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t34(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t535\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t546."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b36","series-title":"Pulm\u00e3o\/RJ","first-page":"40","article-title":"Rela\u00e7\u00e3o envergadura\/altura: um valor para estudos espirom\u00e9tricos em brasileiros","volume":"7","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rufino\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Costa\n              CH,\n            \n            \n              Ant\u00e3o\n              VC,\n            \n            \n              Pinheiro\n              GA,\n            \n            \n              Jansen\n              JM.\n            \n          \n          Rela\u00e7\u00e3o envergadura\/altura: um valor para estudos espirom\u00e9tricos em brasileiros.\n\t\t\t\t\tPulm\u00e3o\/RJ.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\t40\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t44."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b37","series-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev","first-page":"29","article-title":"Normative values and determinants of physical capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"39","year":"2002","unstructured":"Janssen\n              TW,\n            \n            \n              Dallmeijer\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              Veeger\n              DJ,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n              LH.\n            \n          \n          Normative values and determinants of physical capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Res Dev.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t29\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b38","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"40","article-title":"Development and validation of a self-report version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III)","volume":"51","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fekete\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Eriks-Hoogland\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Baumberger\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopment and validation of a self-report version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III).\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t40\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t47."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b39","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehab","first-page":"267","article-title":"Reliability of the Catz-Itzkovich Spinal Cord Independence Measure assessment by interview and comparison with observation","volume":"82","year":"2003","unstructured":"Itzkovich\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Tamir\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Philo\n              O,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tReliability of the Catz-Itzkovich Spinal Cord Independence Measure assessment by interview and comparison with observation.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Phys Med Rehab.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t82(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t267\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b40","series-title":"Phys Theor Practice","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of a Brazilian version of the adapted manual wheelchair circuit (AMWC-Brazil)","volume":"16","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ribeiro Neto\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Gomes Costa\n              RR,\n            \n            \n              Garcia Lopes\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Carregaro\n              RL.\n            \n          \n          Cross-cultural validation of a Brazilian version of the adapted manual wheelchair circuit (AMWC-Brazil).\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Theor Practice.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t13."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b41","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"69","article-title":"Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for adults","volume":"66","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mathiowetz\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Kashman\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Volland\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Weber\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Dowe\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Rogers\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1985;\n\t\t\t\t\t66(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t69\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t74."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b42","series-title":"ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Medicine ACoS.\n          \n          \n            ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription.\n          \n          9th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhiladelphia:\n\t\t\t\t\tLippincott Williams & Wilkins;\n\t\t\t\t\t2013."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b43","series-title":"Am J Occup Ther","first-page":"472","article-title":"Spearman correlations of .60 are not poor","volume":"46","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bohannon\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Spearman correlations of .60 are not poor.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Occup Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t472."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b44","series-title":"Int J Stat Sys","first-page":"231","article-title":"Labeling methods for identifying outliers","volume":"10","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kannan\n              KS,\n            \n            \n              Manoj\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Arumugam\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Labeling methods for identifying outliers.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Stat Sys.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t10(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t231\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t238."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b45","series-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care","first-page":"465","article-title":"Muscle strength: clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry","volume":"18","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bohannon\n              RW.\n            \n          \n          Muscle strength: clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry.\n\t\t\t\t\tCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t465\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t470."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b46","series-title":"PloS One","first-page":"e0211452","article-title":"Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil","volume":"14","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amaral\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Amaral\n              TLM,\n            \n            \n              Monteiro\n              GTR,\n            \n            \n              Vasconcellos\n              MTL,\n            \n            \n              Portela\n              MC.\n            \n          \n          Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.\n\t\t\t\t\tPloS One.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t14(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\te0211452."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b47","series-title":"Health Reports","first-page":"3","article-title":"Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013","volume":"27","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong\n              SL.\n            \n          \n          Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013.\n\t\t\t\t\tHealth Reports.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t3."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b48","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"127","article-title":"Hand grip strength: Age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study","volume":"4","year":"2011","unstructured":"Massy-Westropp\n              NM,\n            \n            \n              Gill\n              TK,\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Bohannon\n              RW,\n            \n            \n              Hill\n              CL.\n            \n          \n          Hand grip strength: Age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Res Notes.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t127."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b49","series-title":"Hong Kong Phys J","first-page":"21","article-title":"Reference values for handgrip strength among healthy adults in Nigeria","volume":"27","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adedoyin\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Ogundapo\n              FA,\n            \n            \n              Mbada\n              CE,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tReference values for handgrip strength among healthy adults in Nigeria.\n\t\t\t\t\tHong Kong Phys J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t21\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t29."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b50","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"850","article-title":"SCIM -Spinal Cord Independence Measure: A new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions","volume":"35","year":"1997","unstructured":"Catz\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Itzkovich\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Agranov\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Ring\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Tamir\n              A.\n            \n          \n          SCIM -Spinal Cord Independence Measure: A new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t35(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t850\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t856."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b51","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"434","article-title":"Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals","volume":"28","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paralyzed Veterans of America P.\n          \n          Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t434."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b52","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Adapted manual wheelchair circuit: Test-retest reliability and discriminative validity in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"92","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cowan\n              RE,\n            \n            \n              Nash\n              MS,\n            \n            \n              de Groot\n              S,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n              LH.\n            \n          \n          Adapted manual wheelchair circuit: Test-retest reliability and discriminative validity in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t92(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1270\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1280."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b53","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"424","article-title":"The Wheelchair circuit: Construct validity and responsiveness of a test to assess manual wheelchair mobility in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kilkens\n              OJ,\n            \n            \n              Dallmeijer\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              De Witte\n              LP,\n            \n            \n              Van Der Woude\n              LH,\n            \n            \n              Post\n              MW.\n            \n          \n          The Wheelchair circuit: Construct validity and responsiveness of a test to assess manual wheelchair mobility in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t424\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t431."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b54","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1783","article-title":"The Wheelchair circuit: Reliability of a test to assess mobility in persons with spinal cord injuries","volume":"83","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kilkens\n              OJ,\n            \n            \n              Post\n              MW,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n              LH,\n            \n            \n              Dallmeijer\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              van den Heuvel\n              WJ.\n            \n          \n          The Wheelchair circuit: Reliability of a test to assess mobility in persons with spinal cord injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t83(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1783\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1788."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b55","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"441","article-title":"Upper-extremity torque production in men with paraplegia who use wheelchairs","volume":"83","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kotajarvi\n              BR,\n            \n            \n              Basford\n              JR,\n            \n            \n              An\n              KN.\n            \n          \n          Upper-extremity torque production in men with paraplegia who use wheelchairs.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t83(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t441\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t446."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b56","series-title":"Clin Biomech","first-page":"34","article-title":"Compensatory strategies during manual wheelchair propulsion in response to weakness in individual muscle groups: A simulation study","volume":"33","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slowik\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              McNitt-Gray\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Requejo\n              PS,\n            \n            \n              Mulroy\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Neptune\n              RR.\n            \n          \n          Compensatory strategies during manual wheelchair propulsion in response to weakness in individual muscle groups: A simulation study.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Biomech.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t41."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b57","series-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci","first-page":"M307","article-title":"Cross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60+ years of age","volume":"50","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baumgartner\n              RN,\n            \n            \n              Stauber\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              McHugh\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Koehler\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Garry\n              PJ.\n            \n          \n          Cross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60+ years of age.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\tM307\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t316."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b58","series-title":"Diabetes","first-page":"1813","article-title":"Decreased muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes: The health, aging, and body composition study","volume":"55","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park\n              SW,\n            \n            \n              Goodpaster\n              BH,\n            \n            \n              Strotmeyer\n              ES,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tDecreased muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes: The health, aging, and body composition study.\n\t\t\t\t\tDiabetes.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1813\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1818."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b59","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"231","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"137","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morley\n              JE,\n            \n            \n              Baumgartner\n              RN,\n            \n            \n              Roubenoff\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Mayer\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Nair\n              KS.\n            \n          \n          Sarcopenia.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Lab Clin Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t137(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t231\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t243."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b60","series-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci","first-page":"72","article-title":"Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort","volume":"61","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newman\n              AB,\n            \n            \n              Kupelian\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Visser\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tStrength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t61(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t72\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t77."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b61","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","first-page":"110","article-title":"Association of body size and muscle strength with 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\n            \n              Pencharz\n              PB.\n            \n          \n          Energy expenditure in chronic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t635\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t639."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b64","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med.","article-title":"Effects of spinal cord injury on body composition and metabolic profile - Part I [published online July 7, 2014]","unstructured":"Gorgey\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Dolbow\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Dolbow\n              JD,\n            \n            \n              Khalil\n              RK,\n            \n            \n              Castillo\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Gater\n              DR.\n            \n          \n          Effects of spinal cord injury on body composition and metabolic profile - Part I [published online July 7, 2014].\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b65","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Soft tissue body composition differences in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury","volume":"88","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spungen\n              AM,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Pierson\n              RN\n              Jr,\n            \n            \n              Bauman\n              WA.\n            \n          \n          Soft tissue body composition differences in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Appl Physiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t88(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t1310\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1315."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b66","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"98","article-title":"Cardiovascular health and exercise rehabilitation in spinal cord 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         \n              Goss\n              FL,\n            \n            \n              Robertson\n              RJ,\n            \n            \n              Jacobs\n              PL.\n            \n          \n          Relation between muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with thoracic-level paraplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t86(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t1441\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1446."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b68","series-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev","first-page":"861","article-title":"How \u201chealthy\u201d is circuit resistance training following paraplegia? 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Kinematic analysis associated with shoulder mechanical impingement risk.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Res Dev.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t861\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t874."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b1","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","first-page":"812","article-title":"Functional independence and health-related functional status following spinal cord injury: Aprospective study of the association with physical capacity","volume":"40","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haisma\n              JA,\n            \n            \n              Post\n              MW,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n              LH,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tFunctional independence and health-related functional status following spinal cord injury: Aprospective study of the association with physical capacity.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t40(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t812\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t818."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b2","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"985","article-title":"Muscle strength cutoff points for functional independence and wheelchair ability in men with spinal cord injury","volume":"101","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ribeiro Neto\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Gomes Costa\n              RR,\n            \n            \n              Tanhoffer\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Cerqueira Leal\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Bottaro\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Carregaro\n              RL.\n            \n          \n          Muscle strength cutoff points for functional independence and wheelchair ability in men with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t101(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t985\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t993."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b3","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Influence of relative strength on functional independence of patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"98","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ribeiro Neto\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Guanais\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Lopes\n              GH,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tInfluence of relative strength on functional independence of patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.Oct042017;\n\t\t\t\t\t98(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1104\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1112."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b4","series-title":"NeuroRehabilitation","first-page":"341","article-title":"Predictors of functional outcome in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury after inpatient rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia","volume":"35","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdul-Sattar\n              AB.\n            \n          \n          Predictors of functional outcome in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury after inpatient rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeuroRehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t35(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t341\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t347."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b5","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"193","article-title":"The physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities: development and evaluation","volume":"83","year":"2002","unstructured":"Washburn\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Zhu\n              W,\n            \n            \n              McAuley\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Frogley\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Figoni\n              SF.\n            \n          \n          The physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities: development and evaluation.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t83(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t193\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t200."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b6","series-title":"Md Med J","first-page":"489","article-title":"Predictors of rehabilitation outcome among patients with SCI","volume":"38","year":"1989","unstructured":"Epstein\n              RS,\n            \n            \n              Lefkowitz\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Sharkness\n              CM,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tPredictors of rehabilitation outcome among patients with SCI.\n\t\t\t\t\tMd Med J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t489\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t492."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b7","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"1103","article-title":"The effects of exercise training on physical capacity, strength, body 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power in upper extremities in wheelchair athletes","volume":"24","year":"2010","unstructured":"Turbanski\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Schmidtbleicher\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Effects of heavy resistance training on strength and power in upper extremities in wheelchair athletes.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Strength Cond Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t24(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t16."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b9","series-title":"Acta Fisiatr","first-page":"91","article-title":"The effects of resistance training intervention in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury: A literature review","volume":"18","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ribeiro Neto\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Gentil\n              P.\n            \n          \n          The effects of resistance training intervention in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury: A literature 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effects of upper extremity progressive resistance and endurance exercises in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"27","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dost\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Dulgeroglu\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Yildirim\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ozgirgin\n              N.\n            \n          \n          The effects of upper extremity progressive resistance and endurance exercises in patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Back Musculoskelet Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t419\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t426."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b12","series-title":"NeuroRehabilitation","first-page":"531","article-title":"Impact of specific symptoms of spasticity on voluntary lower limb muscle function, gait and daily activities during subacute and chronic spinal cord 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      G,\n            \n            \n              Bicki\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Yilmaz\n              H.\n            \n          \n          The use of hydrotherapy for the management of spasticity.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeuroRehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t268\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t273."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b14","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1548","article-title":"Spasticity after traumatic spinal cord injury: nature, severity, and location","volume":"80","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skold\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Levi\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Seiger\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Spasticity after traumatic spinal cord injury: nature, severity, and location.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med 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           Jr.\n            \n          \n          Obesity after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Med Rehabil Clin N Am.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t333\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t351,\n\t\t\t\t\tvii."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b21","series-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci","first-page":"28","article-title":"Dynapenia and aging: an update","volume":"67","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manini\n              TM,\n            \n            \n              Clark\n              BC.\n            \n          \n          Dynapenia and aging: an update.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t67(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t28\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b22","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"99","article-title":"Wrist strength measured by myometry as an indicator of functional independence","volume":"12","year":"1995","unstructured":"Marciello\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Herbison\n              GJ,\n            \n            \n              Ditunno\n              JF,\n              Jr.,\n            \n            \n              Marino\n              RJ,\n            \n            \n              Cohen\n              ME.\n            \n          \n          Wrist strength measured by myometry as an indicator of functional independence.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Neurotrauma.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t12(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t99\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t106."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b23","series-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev","first-page":"123","article-title":"Dynamometry testing in spinal cord injury","volume":"44","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sisto\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Dyson-Hudson\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Dynamometry testing in spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Res Dev.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t123\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t136."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b24","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"26","article-title":"Upper limb strength in individuals with spinal cord injury who use manual wheelchairs","volume":"28","year":"2005","unstructured":"Souza\n              AL,\n            \n            \n              Boninger\n              ML,\n            \n            \n              Fitzgerald\n              SG,\n            \n            \n              Shimada\n              SD,\n            \n            \n              Cooper\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Ambrosio\n              F.\n            \n          \n          Upper limb strength in individuals with spinal cord injury who use manual wheelchairs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t26\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t32."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b25","series-title":"Int J Rehabil Res","first-page":"91","article-title":"Isokinetic shoulder of paraplegics: observation of global and specific muscle ratio","volume":"20","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bernard\n              PL,\n            \n            \n              Codine\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Isokinetic shoulder of paraplegics: observation of global and specific muscle ratio.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Rehabil Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t20(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t91\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t98."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b26","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"238","article-title":"Shoulder pain in wheelchair athletes. The role of muscle imbalance","volume":"21","year":"1993","unstructured":"Burnham\n              RS,\n            \n            \n              May\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Steadward\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Reid\n              DC.\n            \n          \n          Shoulder pain in wheelchair athletes. The role of muscle imbalance.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Sports Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t238\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t242."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b27","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"211","article-title":"Upper limb function in persons with long term paraplegia and implications for independence: Part I","volume":"32","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pentland\n              WE,\n            \n            \n              Twomey\n              LT.\n            \n          \n          Upper limb function in persons with long term paraplegia and implications for independence: Part I.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t211\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t218."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b28","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"761","article-title":"Isometric shoulder torque in subjects with spinal cord injury","volume":"75","year":"1994","unstructured":"Powers\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Newsam\n              CJ,\n            \n            \n              Gronley\n              JK,\n            \n            \n              Fontaine\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Perry\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Isometric shoulder torque in subjects with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t75(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t761\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t765."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b29","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"S88","article-title":"Aerobic fitness and upper extremity strength in patients aged 11 to 21 years with spinal cord dysfunction as compared to ideal weight and overweight controls","volume":"30","year":"2007","unstructured":"Widman\n              LM,\n            \n            \n              Abresch\n              RT,\n            \n            \n              Styne\n              DM,\n            \n            \n              McDonald\n              CM.\n            \n          \n          Aerobic fitness and upper extremity strength in patients aged 11 to 21 years with spinal cord dysfunction as compared to ideal weight and overweight controls.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t30(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1):\n\t\t\t\t\tS88\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t96."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b30","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"287","article-title":"The role of trunk stabilization in functional classification levels","volume":"26","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saltan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ankarali\n              H.\n            \n          \n          The role of trunk stabilization in functional classification levels.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Sport Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t26(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t287\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t293."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b31","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"475","article-title":"Proactive balance strategy while maintaining a stationary wheelie","volume":"82","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bonaparte\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Kirby\n              RL,\n            \n            \n              Macleod\n              DA.\n            \n          \n          Proactive balance strategy while maintaining a stationary wheelie.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t82(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t475\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t479."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b32","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"753","article-title":"Muscle function assessment in children","volume":"89","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jones\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Stratton\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Muscle function assessment in children.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Paediatr.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t89(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t753\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t761."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b33","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"251","article-title":"Assessment of isokinetic and hand-held dynamometer measures of shoulder rotator strength among individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"78","year":"1997","unstructured":"May\n              LA,\n            \n            \n              Burnham\n              RS,\n            \n            \n              Steadward\n              RD.\n            \n          \n          Assessment of isokinetic and hand-held dynamometer measures of shoulder rotator strength among individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t251\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t255."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b34","series-title":"Aust OccTher J","first-page":"120","article-title":"Handgrip strength testing: A review of the literature","volume":"46","year":"1999","unstructured":"Innes\n              EV.\n            \n          \n          Handgrip strength testing: A review of the literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust OccTher J.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t120\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t140."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b35","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"535","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)","volume":"34","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kirshblum\n              SC,\n            \n            \n              Burns\n              SP,\n            \n            \n              Biering-Sorensen\n              F,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tInternational standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t34(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t535\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t546."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b36","series-title":"Pulm\u00e3o\/RJ","first-page":"40","article-title":"Rela\u00e7\u00e3o envergadura\/altura: um valor para estudos espirom\u00e9tricos em brasileiros","volume":"7","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rufino\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Costa\n              CH,\n            \n            \n              Ant\u00e3o\n              VC,\n            \n            \n              Pinheiro\n              GA,\n            \n            \n              Jansen\n              JM.\n            \n          \n          Rela\u00e7\u00e3o envergadura\/altura: um valor para estudos espirom\u00e9tricos em brasileiros.\n\t\t\t\t\tPulm\u00e3o\/RJ.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\t40\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t44."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b37","series-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev","first-page":"29","article-title":"Normative values and determinants of physical capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"39","year":"2002","unstructured":"Janssen\n              TW,\n            \n            \n              Dallmeijer\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              Veeger\n              DJ,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n              LH.\n            \n          \n          Normative values and determinants of physical capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Rehabil Res Dev.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t29\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b38","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"40","article-title":"Development and validation of a self-report version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III)","volume":"51","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fekete\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Eriks-Hoogland\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Baumberger\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopment and validation of a self-report version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III).\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t40\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t47."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b39","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehab","first-page":"267","article-title":"Reliability of the Catz-Itzkovich Spinal Cord Independence Measure assessment by interview and comparison with observation","volume":"82","year":"2003","unstructured":"Itzkovich\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Tamir\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Philo\n              O,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tReliability of the Catz-Itzkovich Spinal Cord Independence Measure assessment by interview and comparison with observation.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Phys Med Rehab.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t82(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t267\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b40","series-title":"Phys Theor Practice","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cross-cultural validation of a Brazilian version of the adapted manual wheelchair circuit (AMWC-Brazil)","volume":"16","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ribeiro Neto\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Gomes Costa\n              RR,\n            \n            \n              Garcia Lopes\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Carregaro\n              RL.\n            \n          \n          Cross-cultural validation of a Brazilian version of the adapted manual wheelchair circuit (AMWC-Brazil).\n\t\t\t\t\tPhys Theor Practice.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t13."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b41","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"69","article-title":"Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for adults","volume":"66","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mathiowetz\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Kashman\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Volland\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Weber\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Dowe\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Rogers\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1985;\n\t\t\t\t\t66(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t69\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t74."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b42","series-title":"ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Medicine ACoS.\n          \n          \n            ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription.\n          \n          9th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tPhiladelphia:\n\t\t\t\t\tLippincott Williams & Wilkins;\n\t\t\t\t\t2013."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b43","series-title":"Am J Occup Ther","first-page":"472","article-title":"Spearman correlations of .60 are not poor","volume":"46","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bohannon\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Spearman correlations of .60 are not poor.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Occup Ther.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t472."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b44","series-title":"Int J Stat Sys","first-page":"231","article-title":"Labeling methods for identifying outliers","volume":"10","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kannan\n              KS,\n            \n            \n              Manoj\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Arumugam\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Labeling methods for identifying outliers.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Stat Sys.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t10(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t231\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t238."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b45","series-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care","first-page":"465","article-title":"Muscle strength: clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry","volume":"18","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bohannon\n              RW.\n            \n          \n          Muscle strength: clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry.\n\t\t\t\t\tCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t465\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t470."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b46","series-title":"PloS One","first-page":"e0211452","article-title":"Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil","volume":"14","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amaral\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Amaral\n              TLM,\n            \n            \n              Monteiro\n              GTR,\n            \n            \n              Vasconcellos\n              MTL,\n            \n            \n              Portela\n              MC.\n            \n          \n          Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.\n\t\t\t\t\tPloS One.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t14(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\te0211452."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b47","series-title":"Health Reports","first-page":"3","article-title":"Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013","volume":"27","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong\n              SL.\n            \n          \n          Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013.\n\t\t\t\t\tHealth Reports.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t3."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b48","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"127","article-title":"Hand grip strength: Age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study","volume":"4","year":"2011","unstructured":"Massy-Westropp\n              NM,\n            \n            \n              Gill\n              TK,\n            \n            \n              Taylor\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Bohannon\n              RW,\n            \n            \n              Hill\n              CL.\n            \n          \n          Hand grip strength: Age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Res Notes.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t127."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b49","series-title":"Hong Kong Phys J","first-page":"21","article-title":"Reference values for handgrip strength among healthy adults in Nigeria","volume":"27","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adedoyin\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Ogundapo\n              FA,\n            \n            \n              Mbada\n              CE,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tReference values for handgrip strength among healthy adults in Nigeria.\n\t\t\t\t\tHong Kong Phys J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t21\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t29."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b50","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"850","article-title":"SCIM -Spinal Cord Independence Measure: A new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions","volume":"35","year":"1997","unstructured":"Catz\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Itzkovich\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Agranov\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Ring\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Tamir\n              A.\n            \n          \n          SCIM -Spinal Cord Independence Measure: A new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t35(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t850\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t856."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b51","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"434","article-title":"Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals","volume":"28","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paralyzed Veterans of America P.\n          \n          Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t434."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b52","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Adapted manual wheelchair circuit: Test-retest reliability and discriminative validity in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"92","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cowan\n              RE,\n            \n            \n              Nash\n              MS,\n            \n            \n              de Groot\n              S,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n              LH.\n            \n          \n          Adapted manual wheelchair circuit: Test-retest reliability and discriminative validity in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t92(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1270\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1280."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b53","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"424","article-title":"The Wheelchair circuit: Construct validity and responsiveness of a test to assess manual wheelchair mobility in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kilkens\n              OJ,\n            \n            \n              Dallmeijer\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              De Witte\n              LP,\n            \n            \n              Van Der Woude\n              LH,\n            \n            \n              Post\n              MW.\n            \n          \n          The Wheelchair circuit: Construct validity and responsiveness of a test to assess manual wheelchair mobility in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t424\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t431."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b54","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1783","article-title":"The Wheelchair circuit: Reliability of a test to assess mobility in persons with spinal cord injuries","volume":"83","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kilkens\n              OJ,\n            \n            \n              Post\n              MW,\n            \n            \n              van der Woude\n              LH,\n            \n            \n              Dallmeijer\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              van den Heuvel\n              WJ.\n            \n          \n          The Wheelchair circuit: Reliability of a test to assess mobility in persons with spinal cord injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t83(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1783\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1788."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b55","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"441","article-title":"Upper-extremity torque production in men with paraplegia who use wheelchairs","volume":"83","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kotajarvi\n              BR,\n            \n            \n              Basford\n              JR,\n            \n            \n              An\n              KN.\n            \n          \n          Upper-extremity torque production in men with paraplegia who use wheelchairs.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t83(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t441\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t446."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b56","series-title":"Clin Biomech","first-page":"34","article-title":"Compensatory strategies during manual wheelchair propulsion in response to weakness in individual muscle groups: A simulation study","volume":"33","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slowik\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              McNitt-Gray\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Requejo\n              PS,\n            \n            \n              Mulroy\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Neptune\n              RR.\n            \n          \n          Compensatory strategies during manual wheelchair propulsion in response to weakness in individual muscle groups: A simulation study.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Biomech.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t41."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b57","series-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci","first-page":"M307","article-title":"Cross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60+ years of age","volume":"50","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baumgartner\n              RN,\n            \n            \n              Stauber\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              McHugh\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Koehler\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Garry\n              PJ.\n            \n          \n          Cross-sectional age differences in body composition in persons 60+ years of age.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\tM307\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t316."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b58","series-title":"Diabetes","first-page":"1813","article-title":"Decreased muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes: The health, aging, and body composition study","volume":"55","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park\n              SW,\n            \n            \n              Goodpaster\n              BH,\n            \n            \n              Strotmeyer\n              ES,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tDecreased muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes: The health, aging, and body composition study.\n\t\t\t\t\tDiabetes.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t55(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1813\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1818."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b59","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"231","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"137","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morley\n              JE,\n            \n            \n              Baumgartner\n              RN,\n            \n            \n              Roubenoff\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Mayer\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Nair\n              KS.\n            \n          \n          Sarcopenia.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Lab Clin Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t137(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t231\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t243."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b60","series-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci","first-page":"72","article-title":"Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort","volume":"61","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newman\n              AB,\n            \n            \n              Kupelian\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Visser\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tStrength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t61(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t72\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t77."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b61","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","first-page":"110","article-title":"Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: A population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men","volume":"38","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silventoinen\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Magnusson\n              PK,\n            \n            \n              Tynelius\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Batty\n              GD,\n            \n            \n              Rasmussen\n              F.\n            \n          \n          Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: A population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Epidemiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t110\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t118."},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b62","series-title":"Clin Rehabil","first-page":"902","article-title":"Threshold of lower body muscular strength necessary to perform ADL independently in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"22","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hasegawa\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Islam\n              MM,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              SC,\n            \n            \n              Koizumi\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Rogers\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Takeshima\n              N.\n            \n          \n          Threshold of lower body muscular strength necessary to perform ADL independently in community-dwelling older adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t22(\n\t\t\t\t\t10\u201311):\n\t\t\t\t\t902\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t910."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b63","series-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care","first-page":"635","article-title":"Energy expenditure in chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"7","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buchholz\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Pencharz\n              PB.\n            \n          \n          Energy expenditure in chronic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t635\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t639."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b64","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med.","article-title":"Effects of spinal cord injury on body composition and metabolic profile - Part I [published online July 7, 2014]","unstructured":"Gorgey\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Dolbow\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Dolbow\n              JD,\n            \n            \n              Khalil\n              RK,\n            \n            \n              Castillo\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Gater\n              DR.\n            \n          \n          Effects of spinal cord injury on body composition and metabolic profile - Part I [published online July 7, 2014].\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b65","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Soft tissue body composition differences in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury","volume":"88","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spungen\n              AM,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Pierson\n              RN\n              Jr,\n            \n            \n              Bauman\n              WA.\n            \n          \n          Soft tissue body composition differences in monozygotic twins discordant for spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Appl Physiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t88(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t1310\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1315."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b66","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"98","article-title":"Cardiovascular health and exercise rehabilitation in spinal cord injury","volume":"13","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warburton\n              DE,\n            \n            \n              Eng\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n              Krassioukov\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Sproule\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Cardiovascular health and exercise rehabilitation in spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t98\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t122."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b67","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Relation between muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with thoracic-level paraplegia","volume":"86","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zoeller\n              RF\n              Jr,\n            \n            \n              Riechman\n              SE,\n            \n            \n              Dabayebeh\n              IM,\n            \n            \n              Goss\n              FL,\n            \n            \n              Robertson\n              RJ,\n            \n            \n              Jacobs\n              PL.\n            \n          \n          Relation between muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with thoracic-level paraplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t86(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t1441\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1446."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-60-b68","series-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev","first-page":"861","article-title":"How \u201chealthy\u201d is circuit resistance training following paraplegia? 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