{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T10:38:33Z","timestamp":1776854313883,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Manual wheelchair propulsion is a physically demanding task associated with upper extremity pain and pathology. Shoulder pain is reported in over 25% of pediatric manual wheelchairs users, and this number rises over the lifespan. Upper extremity biomechanics in adults has been associated with shoulder pain and pathology; however, few studies have investigated upper extremity joint dynamics in children. Furthermore, sex may be a critical factor that is currently unexplored with regard to pediatric wheelchair mobility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate differences in upper extremity joint dynamics between pediatric male and female manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) during wheelchair propulsion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Novel instrumented wheelchair hand-rims synchronized with optical motion capture were used to acquire upper extremity joint dynamics of 20 pediatric manual wheelchair users with SCI (11 males, 9 females). Thorax, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, elbow, and wrist joint kinematics and kinetics were calculated during wheelchair propulsion. Linear mixed models were used to assess differences between sexes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Females exhibited significantly greater peak forearm pronation (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .007), normalized wrist lateral force (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .03), and normalized elbow posterior force (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = .04) than males. Males exhibited significantly greater peak sternoclavicular joint retraction (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) than females. No significant differences between males and females were observed for the glenohumeral joint (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n > .012).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This study found significant differences in upper extremity joint dynamics between sexes during manual wheelchair propulsion. Our results underscore the importance of considering sex when evaluating pediatric wheelchair mobility and developing comprehensive wheelchair training interventions for early detection and prevention of upper extremity pain and pathology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci20-00057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T13:18:10Z","timestamp":1654003090000},"page":"26-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Influence of Sex on Upper Extremity Joint Dynamics in Pediatric Manual Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Hanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Leonardis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa J.","family":"Schnorenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Krzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence C.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald F.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke A.","family":"Slavens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b1","series-title":"Facts on pediatric spinal 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\n Pronk\n GM.\n \n \n Three-dimensional recording and description of motions of the shoulder mechanism.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Biomech Eng.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t117(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t27\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b35","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"981","article-title":"ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion\u2014Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand","volume":"38","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu\n G,\n \n \n Van der Helm\n FC,\n \n \n Veeger\n HD,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion\u2014Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Biomech.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t981\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t992."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b36","series-title":"Computer Meth Biomech Biomed Eng","first-page":"397","article-title":"A new method for motion capture of the scapula using an optoelectronic tracking device: a feasibility study","volume":"13","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u0160enk\n M,\n \n \n Cheze\n L.\n \n \n A new method for motion capture of the scapula using an optoelectronic tracking device: a feasibility study.\n\t\t\t\t\tComputer Meth Biomech Biomed Eng.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t397\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t401."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b37","series-title":"Clin Biomech","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Rotation sequence as an important factor in shoulder kinematics","volume":"21","year":"2006","unstructured":"\u0160enk\n M,\n \n \n Cheze\n L.\n \n \n Rotation sequence as an important factor in shoulder kinematics.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Biomech.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t21:\n\t\t\t\t\tS3\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tS8."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b38","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"45","article-title":"A least-squares algorithm for the equiform transformation from spatial marker co-ordinates","volume":"21","year":"1988","unstructured":"Veldpaus\n F,\n \n \n Woltring\n H,\n \n \n Dortmans\n L.\n \n \n A least-squares algorithm for the equiform transformation from spatial marker co-ordinates.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Biomech.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t45\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t54."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b39","series-title":"MedRxiv.","article-title":"Humeral elevation workspace during daily life of adults with spinal cord injury who use a manual wheelchair compared to age and sex matched able-bodied controls [published online ahead of print August 11, 2020)","unstructured":"Goodwin\n BM,\n \n \n Cain\n SM,\n \n \n Van Straaten\n MG,\n \n \n Fortune\n E,\n \n \n Morrow\n MM.\n \n \n Humeral elevation workspace during daily life of adults with spinal cord injury who use a manual wheelchair compared to age and sex matched able-bodied controls [published online ahead of print August 11, 2020).\n\t\t\t\t\tMedRxiv."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b40","series-title":"Adv Eng Software (1978)","first-page":"104","article-title":"A Fortran package for generalized, cross-validatory spline smoothing and differentiation","volume":"8","year":"1986","unstructured":"Woltring\n HJ.\n \n \n A Fortran package for generalized, cross-validatory spline smoothing and differentiation.\n\t\t\t\t\tAdv Eng Software (1978).\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t8(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t104\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t113."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b41","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"20","article-title":"Redefining the manual wheelchair stroke cycle: identification and impact of nonpropulsive pushrim contact","volume":"90","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kwarciak\n AM,\n \n \n Sisto\n SA,\n \n \n Yarossi\n M,\n \n \n Price\n R,\n \n \n Komaroff\n E,\n \n \n Boninger\n ML.\n \n \n Redefining the manual wheelchair stroke cycle: identification and impact of nonpropulsive pushrim contact.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t90(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t20\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t26."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b42","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","first-page":"1685","article-title":"Patterns of glenohumeral joint laxity and stiffness in healthy men and women","volume":"32","year":"2000","unstructured":"Borsa\n PA,\n \n \n Sauers\n EL,\n \n \n Herling\n DE.\n \n \n Patterns of glenohumeral joint laxity and stiffness in healthy men and women.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Sci Sports Exerc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1685\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1690."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b43","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"1278","article-title":"Excessive humeral external rotation results in increased shoulder laxity","volume":"32","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mihata\n T,\n \n \n Lee\n Y,\n \n \n McGarry\n MH,\n \n \n Abe\n M,\n \n \n Lee\n TQ.\n \n \n Excessive 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estradiol","volume":"63","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garcia-Segura\n LM,\n \n \n Azcoitia\n I,\n \n \n DonCarlos\n LL.\n \n \n Neuroprotection by estradiol.\n\t\t\t\t\tProgress Neurobiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t63(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t29\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b48","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1826","article-title":"Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sipski\n ML,\n \n \n Jackson\n AB,\n \n \n G\u00f3mez-Mar\u00edn\n O,\n \n \n Estores\n I,\n \n \n Stein\n A.\n \n \n Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1826\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1836."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b49","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"1515","article-title":"Spinal cord injury in the pediatric 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of level of spinal cord injury on shoulder joint kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion","volume":"16","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kulig\n K,\n \n \n Newsam\n CJ,\n \n \n Mulroy\n SJ,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effect of level of spinal cord injury on shoulder joint kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Biomech.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t16(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t744\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t751."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b58","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"122","article-title":"Gender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals","volume":"41","year":"2003","unstructured":"Budh\n CN,\n \n \n Lund\n I,\n \n \n Hultling\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t122\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t128."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b59","series-title":"Aust Occup Ther J","first-page":"2","article-title":"Wheelchair skills training programme for children: a pilot study","volume":"59","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sawatzky\n B,\n \n \n Rushton\n PW,\n \n \n Denison\n I,\n \n \n McDonald\n R.\n \n \n Wheelchair skills training programme for children: a pilot study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust Occup Ther J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t59(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t2\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b60","series-title":"Pediatr Phys Ther","first-page":"360","article-title":"Considering propulsion pattern in therapeutic outcomes for children who use manual wheelchairs","volume":"31","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rammer\n JR,\n \n \n Krzak\n JJ,\n \n \n Slavens\n BA,\n \n \n Winters\n JM,\n \n \n Riedel\n SA,\n \n \n Harris\n GF.\n \n \n Considering propulsion pattern in therapeutic outcomes for children who use manual wheelchairs.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatr Phys 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osteoarthritis in long-term paraplegic patients compared with controls","volume":"39","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akbar\n M,\n \n \n Penzkofer\n S,\n \n \n Weber\n M,\n \n \n Bruckner\n T,\n \n \n Winterstein\n M,\n \n \n Jung\n M.\n \n \n Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist osteoarthritis in long-term paraplegic patients compared with controls.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Hand Surg (Eur Vol).\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t132\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t138."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b8","series-title":"Clin Biomechanics","first-page":"781","article-title":"Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users","volume":"21","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mercer\n JL,\n \n \n Boninger\n M,\n \n \n Koontz\n A,\n \n \n Ren\n D,\n \n \n Dyson-Hudson\n T,\n \n \n Cooper\n R.\n \n \n Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin 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problems to functional limitations, disability, and perceived health of men with spinal cord injury: a multifaceted longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t81(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1575\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1581."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b11","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Shoulder pain, range of motion, and functional motor skills after acute tetraplegia","volume":"84","year":"2003","unstructured":"Salisbury\n SK,\n \n \n Choy\n NL,\n \n \n Nitz\n J.\n \n \n Shoulder pain, range of motion, and functional motor skills after acute tetraplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t84(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1480\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1485."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b12","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"157","article-title":"Training youth with SCI to improve efficiency and biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion: a pilot study","volume":"25","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schottler\n J,\n \n \n Graf\n A,\n \n \n Kelly\n E,\n \n \n Vogel\n L.\n \n \n Training youth with SCI to improve efficiency and biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion: a pilot study.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t25(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t163."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b13","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"269","article-title":"Biomechanical model for evaluation of pediatric upper extremity joint dynamics during wheelchair mobility","volume":"47","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schnorenberg\n AJ,\n \n \n Slavens\n BA,\n \n \n Wang\n M,\n \n \n Vogel\n LC,\n \n \n Smith\n PA,\n \n \n Harris\n GF.\n \n \n Biomechanical model for evaluation of pediatric upper extremity joint dynamics during wheelchair mobility.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ 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manual wheelchair propulsion.\n\t\t\t\t\tPaper presented at: Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics;\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\tChicago, IL."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b18","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"1615","article-title":"Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, wheelchair propulsion, and gender","volume":"84","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boninger\n ML,\n \n \n Dicianno\n BE,\n \n \n Cooper\n RA,\n \n \n Towers\n JD,\n \n \n Koontz\n AM,\n \n \n Souza\n AL.\n \n \n Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, wheelchair propulsion, and gender.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t84(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1615\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1620."},{"key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b19","series-title":"Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2000 Annual Conference of RESNA;","article-title":"Gender-based anthropometric differences of manual wheelchair 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\n \n Leger\n R,\n \n \n Clifton\n KB,\n \n \n King\n KB.\n \n \n Relationship of serum relaxin to generalized and trapezial-metacarpal joint laxity.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Hand Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t721\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t728."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b46","series-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol","first-page":"641","article-title":"Neuroprotection by estrogen and progesterone in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury","volume":"14","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brotfain\n E,\n \n \n E Gruenbaum\n S,\n \n \n Boyko\n M,\n \n \n Kutz\n R,\n \n \n Zlotnik\n A,\n \n \n Klein\n M.\n \n \n Neuroprotection by estrogen and progesterone in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tCurr Neuropharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t14(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t641\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t653."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b47","series-title":"Progress Neurobiol","first-page":"29","article-title":"Neuroprotection by estradiol","volume":"63","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garcia-Segura\n LM,\n \n \n Azcoitia\n I,\n \n \n DonCarlos\n LL.\n \n \n Neuroprotection by estradiol.\n\t\t\t\t\tProgress Neurobiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t63(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t29\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b48","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1826","article-title":"Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sipski\n ML,\n \n \n Jackson\n AB,\n \n \n G\u00f3mez-Mar\u00edn\n O,\n \n \n Estores\n I,\n \n \n Stein\n A.\n \n \n Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1826\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1836."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b49","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"1515","article-title":"Spinal cord injury in the pediatric population: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"28","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parent\n S,\n \n \n Mac-Thiong\n J-M,\n \n \n Roy-Beaudry\n M,\n \n \n Sosa\n JF,\n \n \n Labelle\n H.\n \n \n Spinal cord injury in the pediatric population: a systematic review of the literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Neurotrauma.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1515\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1524."},{"issue":"13","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b50","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"1493","article-title":"High rates of neurological improvement following severe traumatic pediatric spinal cord injury","volume":"29","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang\n MY,\n \n \n Hoh\n DJ,\n \n \n Leary\n SP,\n \n \n Griffith\n P,\n \n \n McComb\n JG.\n \n \n High rates of neurological improvement following severe traumatic pediatric spinal cord 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of level of spinal cord injury on shoulder joint kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion","volume":"16","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kulig\n K,\n \n \n Newsam\n CJ,\n \n \n Mulroy\n SJ,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effect of level of spinal cord injury on shoulder joint kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Biomech.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t16(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t744\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t751."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b58","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"122","article-title":"Gender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals","volume":"41","year":"2003","unstructured":"Budh\n CN,\n \n \n Lund\n I,\n \n \n Hultling\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGender related differences in pain in spinal cord injured individuals.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t122\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t128."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b59","series-title":"Aust Occup Ther J","first-page":"2","article-title":"Wheelchair skills training programme for children: a pilot study","volume":"59","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sawatzky\n B,\n \n \n Rushton\n PW,\n \n \n Denison\n I,\n \n \n McDonald\n R.\n \n \n Wheelchair skills training programme for children: a pilot study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust Occup Ther J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t59(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t2\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1082-0744-27-3-26-b60","series-title":"Pediatr Phys Ther","first-page":"360","article-title":"Considering propulsion pattern in therapeutic outcomes for children who use manual wheelchairs","volume":"31","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rammer\n JR,\n \n \n Krzak\n JJ,\n \n \n Slavens\n BA,\n \n \n Winters\n JM,\n \n \n Riedel\n SA,\n \n \n Harris\n GF.\n \n \n Considering propulsion pattern in therapeutic outcomes for children who use manual wheelchairs.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatr Phys 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