{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:52:29Z","timestamp":1775148749180,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Despite the therapeutic advancements of the last several decades, neurogenic bladder remains a significant source of morbidity for patients with a spinal pathology. Oxybutynin is a mainstay of treatment in pediatric populations despite significant side effects and highly variable bioavailability.\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To characterize the use of oxybutynin in a cohort of pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective data were collected of dosing, drug interactions, and urodynamics parameters in the 100 consecutive patients in a spinal differences clinic who had an appointment between October 7, 2015, and December 30, 2015. In addition to descriptive statistics, a linear regression model of oxybutynin dose versus age and sex was developed to examine the impact of age on dosing variability.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    One hundred patients (52% female) with a median age of 6.8 years were included. The median daily dose of oxybutynin was 0.36 mg\/kg (interquartile range, 0.28\u20130.54 mg\/kg). Of the 48 patients with a recent urodynamics study, 13 had a detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP) greater than the typical cutoff of 40 cm H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, indicating a need for management escalation. However, of these 13 patients, 38% were already on or exceeding oxybutynin\u2019s maximum recommended dose.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The wide dosing variability and high DLPPs despite maximal dosing indicate a need for further investigation of oxybutynin\u2019s bioavailability in this population compared to its side effects and clinical outcomes. If variability in response to the medication is due to differences in bioavailability, then a precision-dosing model based on patient genomics could be developed for oxybutynin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci21-00091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T16:39:11Z","timestamp":1660754351000},"page":"9-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dosing Variability and Clinical Outcomes of Oxybutynin: A Pediatric Cohort of Patients With Neurogenic Bladder"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mahnoor F.","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Hogan","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack G.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri"},{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel F.","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"53","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b1","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1409","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the birth prevalence of spina bifida - United States, 1995\u20132005","volume":"57","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boulet\n              SL,\n            \n            \n              Gambrell\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Shin\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Honein\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Mathews\n              TJ.\n            \n          \n          Racial\/ethnic differences in the birth prevalence of spina bifida - United States, 1995\u20132005.\n\t\t\t\t\tMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;57(53):1409\u20131413."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b2","series-title":"Pediatr Nephrol","first-page":"889","article-title":"Treatment of the neurogenic bladder in spina bifida","volume":"23","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Jong\n              TPVM,\n            \n            \n              Chrzan\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Klijn\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              Dik\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Treatment of the neurogenic bladder in spina bifida.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatr Nephrol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;23(6):889\u2013896."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b3","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"840","article-title":"The prophylactic value of clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic medication in newborns and infants with myelodysplasia at risk of developing urinary tract deterioration","volume":"146","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kasabian\n              NG,\n            \n            \n              Bauer\n              SB,\n            \n            \n              Dyro\n              FM,\n            \n            \n              Colodny\n              AH,\n            \n            \n              Mandell\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Retik\n              AB.\n            \n          \n          The prophylactic value of clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic medication in newborns and infants with myelodysplasia at risk of developing urinary tract deterioration.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Dis Child.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;146(7):840\u2013843."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b4","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"140","article-title":"A short-term, multicenter, randomized double-blind dose titration study of the efficacy and anticholinergic side effects of transdermal compared to immediate release oral oxybutynin treatment of patients with urge urinary incontinence","volume":"166","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davila\n              GW,\n            \n            \n              Daugherty\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Sanders\n              SW,\n            \n            Transdermal Oxybutynin Study Group.\n          \n          A short-term, multicenter, randomized double-blind dose titration study of the efficacy and anticholinergic side effects of transdermal compared to immediate release oral oxybutynin treatment of patients with urge urinary incontinence.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;166(1):140\u2013145."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b5","series-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"515","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in man","volume":"35","year":"1988","unstructured":"Douchamps\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Derenne\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Stockis\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Gangji\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Juvent\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Herchuelz\n              A.\n            \n          \n          The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in man.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Clin Pharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;35(5):515\u2013520."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b6","series-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol","first-page":"161","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 specificity of metabolism and interactions of oxybutynin in human liver microsomes","volume":"82","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lukkari\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Taavitsainen\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Juhakoski\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Pelkonen\n              O.\n            \n          \n          Cytochrome P450 specificity of metabolism and interactions of oxybutynin in human liver microsomes.\n\t\t\t\t\tPharmacol Toxicol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;82(4):161\u2013166."},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b7","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"892","article-title":"Intravesical oxybutynin for neurogenic bladder dysfunction: Less systemic side effects due to reduced first pass metabolism","volume":"160","year":"1998","unstructured":"Buyse\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Waldeck\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Verpoorten\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Bj\u00f6rk\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Casaer\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Andersson\n              KE.\n            \n          \n          Intravesical oxybutynin for neurogenic bladder dysfunction: Less systemic side effects due to reduced first pass metabolism.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;160(3 Pt 1):892\u2013896."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b8","series-title":"Urol Clin North Am","first-page":"455","article-title":"Transdermal oxybutynin for overactive bladder","volume":"33","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davila\n              GW,\n            \n            \n              Starkman\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Dmochowski\n              RR.\n            \n          \n          Transdermal oxybutynin for overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tUrol Clin North Am.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;33(4):455\u2013463."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b9","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1791","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intravesical versus oral oxybutynin in healthy adults: Results of an open label, randomized, prospective clinical study","volume":"190","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krause\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Fuhr\n              U,\n            \n            \n              Schnitker\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Albrecht\n              U,\n            \n            \n              Stein\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Rubenwolf\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Pharmacokinetics of intravesical versus oral oxybutynin in healthy adults: Results of an open label, randomized, prospective clinical study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;190(5):1791\u20131797."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b10","series-title":"Clin Interv Aging","first-page":"99","article-title":"Transdermal oxybutynin in the treatment of overactive bladder","volume":"1","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davila\n              GW.\n            \n          \n          Transdermal oxybutynin in the treatment of overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Interv Aging.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;1(2):99\u2013105."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b11","series-title":"BJU Int","first-page":"821","article-title":"Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder","volume":"94","year":"2004","unstructured":"Preik\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Albrecht\n              D,\n            \n            \n              O\u2019Connell\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Hampel\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Anderson\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tBJU Int.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;94(6):821\u2013827."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b12","series-title":"BJU Int","first-page":"821","article-title":"Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder","volume":"94","year":"2004","unstructured":"Preik\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Albrecht\n              D,\n            \n            \n              O\u2019Connell\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Hampel\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Anderson\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tBJU Int.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;94(6):821\u2013827."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b13","series-title":"Br J Urol","first-page":"859","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and effects of intravesical oxybutynin on the paediatric neurogenic bladder","volume":"82","year":"1998","unstructured":"Amark\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Eksborg\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Juneskans\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Bussman\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Palm\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Pharmacokinetics and effects of intravesical oxybutynin on the paediatric neurogenic bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;82(6):859\u2013864."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b14","series-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"351","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin is unaffected by gender and contraceptive steroids","volume":"53","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lukkari\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Hakonen\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Neuvonen\n              PJ.\n            \n          \n          The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin is unaffected by gender and contraceptive steroids.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Clin Pharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;53(5):351\u2013354."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b15","series-title":"Xenobiotica","first-page":"859","article-title":"Measurement of oxybutynin and its N-desethyl metabolite in plasma, and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in young, elderly and frail elderly volunteers","volume":"22","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Lang\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Lazare\n              R,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tMeasurement of oxybutynin and its N-desethyl metabolite in plasma, and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in young, elderly and frail elderly volunteers.\n\t\t\t\t\tXenobiotica.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;22(7):859\u2013869."},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b16","article-title":"Lexicomp Online, Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs Online","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lexicomp Online, Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs Online.\n\t\t\t\t\tHudson, OH:\n\t\t\t\t\tWolters Kluwer Health;\n\t\t\t\t\t2019. https:\/\/online.lexi.com\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b17","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"347","article-title":"Bladder capacity (ounces) equals age (years) plus 2 predicts normal bladder capacity and aids in diagnosis of abnormal voiding patterns","volume":"129","year":"1983","unstructured":"Berger\n              RM,\n            \n            \n              Maizels\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Moran\n              GC,\n            \n            \n              Conway\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n              Firlit\n              CF.\n            \n          \n          Bladder capacity (ounces) equals age (years) plus 2 predicts normal bladder capacity and aids in diagnosis of abnormal voiding patterns.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;129(2):347\u2013349."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b18","series-title":"J Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"289","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of an oral once-a-day controlled-release oxybutynin formulation compared with immediate-release oxybutynin","volume":"39","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gupta\n              SK,\n            \n            \n              Sathyan\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Pharmacokinetics of an oral once-a-day controlled-release oxybutynin formulation compared with immediate-release oxybutynin.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Pharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;39(3):289\u2013296."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b19","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"340","article-title":"Intravesical application of oxybutynine: Mode of action in controlling detrusor hyperreflexia. Preliminary results","volume":"28","year":"1995","unstructured":"Madersbacher\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Knoll\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Intravesical application of oxybutynine: Mode of action in controlling detrusor hyperreflexia. Preliminary results.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;28(4):340\u2013344."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b20","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"595","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of intravesical and oral oxybutynin chloride","volume":"148","year":"1992","unstructured":"Massad\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Kogan\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Trigo-Rocha\n              FE.\n            \n          \n          The pharmacokinetics of intravesical and oral oxybutynin chloride.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;148(2 Pt 2):595\u2013597."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b21","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"205","article-title":"Prognostic value of urodynamic testing in myelodysplastic patients","volume":"126","year":"1981","unstructured":"McGuire\n              EJ,\n            \n            \n              Woodside\n              JR,\n            \n            \n              Borden\n              TA,\n            \n            \n              Weiss\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Prognostic value of urodynamic testing in myelodysplastic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1981;126(2):205\u2013209."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b22","series-title":"Clin Trans Sci","first-page":"140","article-title":"Considerations for implementing precision therapeutics for children","volume":"12","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLaughlin\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wagner\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Shahknovich\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Carleton\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Leeder\n              JS.\n            \n          \n          Considerations for implementing precision therapeutics for children.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Trans Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;12(12):140\u2013150."},{"issue":"53","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b1","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1409","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the birth prevalence of spina bifida - United States, 1995\u20132005","volume":"57","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boulet\n              SL,\n            \n            \n              Gambrell\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Shin\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Honein\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Mathews\n              TJ.\n            \n          \n          Racial\/ethnic differences in the birth prevalence of spina bifida - United States, 1995\u20132005.\n\t\t\t\t\tMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;57(53):1409\u20131413."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b2","series-title":"Pediatr Nephrol","first-page":"889","article-title":"Treatment of the neurogenic bladder in spina bifida","volume":"23","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Jong\n              TPVM,\n            \n            \n              Chrzan\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Klijn\n              AJ,\n            \n            \n              Dik\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Treatment of the neurogenic bladder in spina bifida.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatr Nephrol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;23(6):889\u2013896."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b3","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"840","article-title":"The prophylactic value of clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic medication in newborns and infants with myelodysplasia at risk of developing urinary tract deterioration","volume":"146","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kasabian\n              NG,\n            \n            \n              Bauer\n              SB,\n            \n            \n              Dyro\n              FM,\n            \n            \n              Colodny\n              AH,\n            \n            \n              Mandell\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Retik\n              AB.\n            \n          \n          The prophylactic value of clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic medication in newborns and infants with myelodysplasia at risk of developing urinary tract deterioration.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Dis Child.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;146(7):840\u2013843."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b4","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"140","article-title":"A short-term, multicenter, randomized double-blind dose titration study of the efficacy and anticholinergic side effects of transdermal compared to immediate release oral oxybutynin treatment of patients with urge urinary incontinence","volume":"166","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davila\n              GW,\n            \n            \n              Daugherty\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Sanders\n              SW,\n            \n            Transdermal Oxybutynin Study Group.\n          \n          A short-term, multicenter, randomized double-blind dose titration study of the efficacy and anticholinergic side effects of transdermal compared to immediate release oral oxybutynin treatment of patients with urge urinary incontinence.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;166(1):140\u2013145."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b5","series-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"515","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in man","volume":"35","year":"1988","unstructured":"Douchamps\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Derenne\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Stockis\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Gangji\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Juvent\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Herchuelz\n              A.\n            \n          \n          The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in man.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Clin Pharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;35(5):515\u2013520."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b6","series-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol","first-page":"161","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 specificity of metabolism and interactions of oxybutynin in human liver microsomes","volume":"82","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lukkari\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Taavitsainen\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Juhakoski\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Pelkonen\n              O.\n            \n          \n          Cytochrome P450 specificity of metabolism and interactions of oxybutynin in human liver microsomes.\n\t\t\t\t\tPharmacol Toxicol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;82(4):161\u2013166."},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b7","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"892","article-title":"Intravesical oxybutynin for neurogenic bladder dysfunction: Less systemic side effects due to reduced first pass metabolism","volume":"160","year":"1998","unstructured":"Buyse\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Waldeck\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Verpoorten\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Bj\u00f6rk\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Casaer\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Andersson\n              KE.\n            \n          \n          Intravesical oxybutynin for neurogenic bladder dysfunction: Less systemic side effects due to reduced first pass metabolism.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;160(3 Pt 1):892\u2013896."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b8","series-title":"Urol Clin North Am","first-page":"455","article-title":"Transdermal oxybutynin for overactive bladder","volume":"33","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davila\n              GW,\n            \n            \n              Starkman\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Dmochowski\n              RR.\n            \n          \n          Transdermal oxybutynin for overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tUrol Clin North Am.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;33(4):455\u2013463."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b9","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1791","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intravesical versus oral oxybutynin in healthy adults: Results of an open label, randomized, prospective clinical study","volume":"190","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krause\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Fuhr\n              U,\n            \n            \n              Schnitker\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Albrecht\n              U,\n            \n            \n              Stein\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Rubenwolf\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Pharmacokinetics of intravesical versus oral oxybutynin in healthy adults: Results of an open label, randomized, prospective clinical study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;190(5):1791\u20131797."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b10","series-title":"Clin Interv Aging","first-page":"99","article-title":"Transdermal oxybutynin in the treatment of overactive bladder","volume":"1","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davila\n              GW.\n            \n          \n          Transdermal oxybutynin in the treatment of overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Interv Aging.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;1(2):99\u2013105."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b11","series-title":"BJU Int","first-page":"821","article-title":"Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder","volume":"94","year":"2004","unstructured":"Preik\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Albrecht\n              D,\n            \n            \n              O\u2019Connell\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Hampel\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Anderson\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tBJU Int.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;94(6):821\u2013827."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b12","series-title":"BJU Int","first-page":"821","article-title":"Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder","volume":"94","year":"2004","unstructured":"Preik\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Albrecht\n              D,\n            \n            \n              O\u2019Connell\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Hampel\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Anderson\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Effect of controlled-release delivery on the pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin at different dosages: Severity-dependent treatment of the overactive bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tBJU Int.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;94(6):821\u2013827."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b13","series-title":"Br J Urol","first-page":"859","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and effects of intravesical oxybutynin on the paediatric neurogenic bladder","volume":"82","year":"1998","unstructured":"Amark\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Eksborg\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Juneskans\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Bussman\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Palm\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Pharmacokinetics and effects of intravesical oxybutynin on the paediatric neurogenic bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;82(6):859\u2013864."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b14","series-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"351","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin is unaffected by gender and contraceptive steroids","volume":"53","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lukkari\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Hakonen\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Neuvonen\n              PJ.\n            \n          \n          The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin is unaffected by gender and contraceptive steroids.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Clin Pharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;53(5):351\u2013354."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b15","series-title":"Xenobiotica","first-page":"859","article-title":"Measurement of oxybutynin and its N-desethyl metabolite in plasma, and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in young, elderly and frail elderly volunteers","volume":"22","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Lang\n              JC,\n            \n            \n              Lazare\n              R,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tMeasurement of oxybutynin and its N-desethyl metabolite in plasma, and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in young, elderly and frail elderly volunteers.\n\t\t\t\t\tXenobiotica.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;22(7):859\u2013869."},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b16","article-title":"Lexicomp Online, Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs Online","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lexicomp Online, Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs Online.\n\t\t\t\t\tHudson, OH:\n\t\t\t\t\tWolters Kluwer Health;\n\t\t\t\t\t2019. https:\/\/online.lexi.com\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b17","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"347","article-title":"Bladder capacity (ounces) equals age (years) plus 2 predicts normal bladder capacity and aids in diagnosis of abnormal voiding patterns","volume":"129","year":"1983","unstructured":"Berger\n              RM,\n            \n            \n              Maizels\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Moran\n              GC,\n            \n            \n              Conway\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n              Firlit\n              CF.\n            \n          \n          Bladder capacity (ounces) equals age (years) plus 2 predicts normal bladder capacity and aids in diagnosis of abnormal voiding patterns.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;129(2):347\u2013349."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b18","series-title":"J Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"289","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of an oral once-a-day controlled-release oxybutynin formulation compared with immediate-release oxybutynin","volume":"39","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gupta\n              SK,\n            \n            \n              Sathyan\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Pharmacokinetics of an oral once-a-day controlled-release oxybutynin formulation compared with immediate-release oxybutynin.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Pharmacol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;39(3):289\u2013296."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b19","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"340","article-title":"Intravesical application of oxybutynine: Mode of action in controlling detrusor hyperreflexia. Preliminary results","volume":"28","year":"1995","unstructured":"Madersbacher\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Knoll\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Intravesical application of oxybutynine: Mode of action in controlling detrusor hyperreflexia. Preliminary results.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;28(4):340\u2013344."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b20","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"595","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of intravesical and oral oxybutynin chloride","volume":"148","year":"1992","unstructured":"Massad\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Kogan\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Trigo-Rocha\n              FE.\n            \n          \n          The pharmacokinetics of intravesical and oral oxybutynin chloride.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;148(2 Pt 2):595\u2013597."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b21","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"205","article-title":"Prognostic value of urodynamic testing in myelodysplastic patients","volume":"126","year":"1981","unstructured":"McGuire\n              EJ,\n            \n            \n              Woodside\n              JR,\n            \n            \n              Borden\n              TA,\n            \n            \n              Weiss\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Prognostic value of urodynamic testing in myelodysplastic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1981;126(2):205\u2013209."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-28-3-9-b22","series-title":"Clin Trans Sci","first-page":"140","article-title":"Considerations for implementing precision therapeutics for children","volume":"12","year":"2019","unstructured":"McLaughlin\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wagner\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Shahknovich\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Carleton\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Leeder\n              JS.\n            \n          \n          Considerations for implementing precision therapeutics for children.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Trans Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;12(12):140\u2013150."}],"container-title":["Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/tscr\/28\/3\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/tscir\/article-pdf\/28\/3\/9\/3104491\/i1945-5763-28-3-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tscr\/28\/3\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tscr\/28\/3\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:50:51Z","timestamp":1775145051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/tscr\/28\/3\/article-p9.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46292\/sci21-00091","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-0744","1945-5763"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-0744","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-5763","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}