{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:52:08Z","timestamp":1775148728288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Complicated UTI (cUTI) is highly prevalent among people with spinal cord injury and disease (SCI\/D), but neither consistent nor evidence-based guidelines exist.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n We propose a two-phase, mixed-methods study to develop consensus around diagnostic and decision-making criteria for cUTI among people with SCI\/D and the clinicians who treat them.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In phase 1 (qualitative), we will engage Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) clinicians in focus groups to refine existing cUTI-related decision making using three reliable and validated Urinary Symptom Questionnaires for Neurogenic Bladder (USQNBs; intermittent catheterization, indwelling catheterization, and voiding) as points of departure, and then we will conduct a Delphi survey to explore and achieve consensus on cUTI diagnostic criteria among a nationally representative sample of clinicians from physical medicine and rehabilitation, infectious disease, urology, primary care, and emergency medicine. We will develop training materials based on these new guidelines and will deploy the training to both clinicians and consumers nationally. In phase 2 (quantitative), we will assess clinicians\u2019 uptake and use of the guidelines, and the impact of the guidelines training on consumers\u2019 self-management habits, engagement with the health care system, and antibiotic use over the 12 months after training.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The output of this study will be diagnostic guidelines for cUTI among people with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) due to SCI\/D, with data on uptake (clinicians) and impact (patients).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This mixed-methods protocol integrates formal psychometric methods with large-scale evidence gathering to derive consensus around diagnostic guidelines for cUTI among people with NLUTD due to SCI\/D and provides information on uptake (clinicians) and impact (patients).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci22-00002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T12:08:56Z","timestamp":1668600536000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Assessment of SCI Model Systems Complicated UTI Consensus Guidelines: A Psychometrically Designed Mixed-Methods Protocol"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rochelle E.","family":"Tractenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and Metrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Groah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC"},{"name":"MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b1","series-title":"Nat Rev Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0106-x","article-title":"Nonantibiotic prevention and management of recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"15","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sihra\n N,\n \n \n Goodman\n A,\n \n \n Zakri\n R,\n \n \n Sahai\n A,\n \n \n Malde\n S.\n \n \n Nonantibiotic prevention and management of recurrent urinary tract infection.\n\t\t\t\t\tNat Rev Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t750\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t776.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1038\/s41585-018-0106-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b2","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0067","article-title":"Complications following spinal cord injury: 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expensive cause of emergency department and inpatient encounters for persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"100","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skelton\n F,\n \n \n Salemi\n JL,\n \n \n Akpati\n L,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGenitourinary complications are a leading and expensive cause of emergency department and inpatient encounters for persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t100(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t1614\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1621.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.02.013"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b7","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter analysis","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cardenas\n DD,\n \n \n Hoffman\n JM,\n \n \n Kirshblum\n S,\n \n \n McKinley\n W.\n \n \n Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter 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Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t205(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t477\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t482.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1097\/JU.0000000000001386"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b10","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2018.1452389","article-title":"Evaluation of functional outcomes in traumatic spinal cord injury with rehabilitation-acquired urinary tract infections: A retrospective study","volume":"42","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stampas\n A,\n \n \n Dominick\n E,\n \n \n Zhu\n L.\n \n \n Evaluation of functional outcomes in traumatic spinal cord injury with rehabilitation-acquired urinary tract infections: A retrospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t579\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t585.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1080\/10790268.2018.1452389"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b11","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000296","article-title":"Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA\/CUA\/SUFU Guideline","volume":"202","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anger\n J,\n \n \n Lee\n U,\n \n \n Ackerman\n AL,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tRecurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA\/CUA\/SUFU Guideline.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t202(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t282\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t289.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1097\/JU.0000000000000296"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b12","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1086\/650482","article-title":"Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hooton\n TM,\n \n \n Bradley\n SF,\n \n \n Cardenas\n DD,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t663.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1086\/650482"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b13","article-title":"Medical student curriculum: Adult UTI - American Urological Association","unstructured":"American Urological Association.\n \n Medical student curriculum: Adult UTI - American Urological Association.\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 2012. https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/education\/auauniversity\/for-medical-students\/medical-students-curriculum\/medical-student-curriculum\/adult-uti"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b14","article-title":"Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. StatPearls Publishing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sabih\n A,\n \n \n Leslie\n SW.\n \n \n \n Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. StatPearls Publishing.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK436013\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b15","series-title":"Paraplegia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1994.78","article-title":"Urethral cytology in spinal cord injury patients performing intermittent catheterisation","volume":"32","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vaidyanathan\n S,\n \n \n Soni\n BM,\n \n \n Dundas\n S,\n \n \n Krishnan\n KR.\n \n \n Urethral cytology in spinal cord injury patients performing intermittent catheterisation.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t493\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t500.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1038\/sc.1994.78"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b16","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101565","article-title":"Bladder epithelium is abnormal in patients with neurogenic bladder due to 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tract infections.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Antimicrob Agents.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t31(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1):\n\t\t\t\t\tS68\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t78.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.033"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b28","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"527","article-title":"Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care providers","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine.\n \n Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care providers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t527\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t573."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b29","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2019.1647928","article-title":"Conception and development of urinary tract infection indicators to advance 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M.\n \n \n Validating the performance standards associated with passing scores.\n\t\t\t\t\tRev Educ Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t64:\n\t\t\t\t\t425\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t461.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.3102\/00346543064003425"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b40","series-title":"Setting Performance Standards: Foundations, Methods, and Innovations","first-page":"181","article-title":"Variations on a theme: The Modified Angoff, Extended Angoff, and Yes\/No standard setting methods","year":"2012","unstructured":"Plake\n B,\n \n \n Cizek\n G.\n \n \n Variations on a theme: The Modified Angoff, Extended Angoff, and Yes\/No standard setting methods.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:CizekGJ,ed.Setting Performance Standards: Foundations, Methods, and Innovations.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York:\n\t\t\t\t\tRoutledge;\n\t\t\t\t\t2012:\n\t\t\t\t\t181\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t199."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b41","series-title":"Psychologist","first-page":"598","article-title":"The Delphi 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patient reported outcome.\n\t\t\t\t\tPLOS One.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\te0197568.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0197568.\n\t\t\t\t\teCollection 2018."},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b43","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"939","article-title":"Reliability of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaires for people with neurogenic bladder (USQNB) who void or use indwelling catheters","volume":"59","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tractenberg\n RE,\n \n \n Frost\n J,\n \n \n Rounds\n AK,\n \n \n Yumoto\n F,\n \n \n Ljungberg\n IH,\n \n \n Groah\n SL.\n \n \n Reliability of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaires for people with neurogenic bladder (USQNB) who void or use indwelling catheters.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t59:\n\t\t\t\t\t939\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41393-021-00665-x"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b44","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"948","article-title":"Validity of the Urinary 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Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t40(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t803\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t812.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1080\/10790268.2017.1369216"},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b1","series-title":"Nat Rev Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0106-x","article-title":"Nonantibiotic prevention and management of recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"15","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sihra\n N,\n \n \n Goodman\n A,\n \n \n Zakri\n R,\n \n \n Sahai\n A,\n \n \n Malde\n S.\n \n \n Nonantibiotic prevention and management of recurrent urinary tract infection.\n\t\t\t\t\tNat Rev Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t750\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t776.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1038\/s41585-018-0106-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b2","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0067","article-title":"Complications following spinal cord injury: Occurrence and risk 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analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1757\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1763."},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b8","article-title":"Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center.\n \n Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.nscisc.uab.edu\/Public\/Facts%20and%20Figures%20-%202018.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b9","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001386","article-title":"Self-reported urological hospitalizations or emergency room visits in a contemporary spinal cord injury cohort","volume":"205","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crescenze\n IM,\n \n \n Lenherr\n SM,\n \n \n Myers\n JB,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSelf-reported urological hospitalizations or emergency room visits in a contemporary spinal cord injury cohort.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t205(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t477\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t482.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1097\/JU.0000000000001386"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b10","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2018.1452389","article-title":"Evaluation of functional outcomes in traumatic spinal cord injury with rehabilitation-acquired urinary tract infections: A retrospective study","volume":"42","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stampas\n A,\n \n \n Dominick\n E,\n \n \n Zhu\n L.\n \n \n Evaluation of functional outcomes in traumatic spinal cord injury with rehabilitation-acquired urinary tract infections: A retrospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t579\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t585.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1080\/10790268.2018.1452389"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b11","series-title":"J 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Cardenas\n DD,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t663.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1086\/650482"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b13","article-title":"Medical student curriculum: Adult UTI - American Urological Association","unstructured":"American Urological Association.\n \n Medical student curriculum: Adult UTI - American Urological Association.\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 2012. https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/education\/auauniversity\/for-medical-students\/medical-students-curriculum\/medical-student-curriculum\/adult-uti"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b14","article-title":"Complicated Urinary Tract Infections. 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StatPearls Publishing.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK436013\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b15","series-title":"Paraplegia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1994.78","article-title":"Urethral cytology in spinal cord injury patients performing intermittent catheterisation","volume":"32","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vaidyanathan\n S,\n \n \n Soni\n BM,\n \n \n Dundas\n S,\n \n \n Krishnan\n KR.\n \n \n Urethral cytology in spinal cord injury patients performing intermittent catheterisation.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t493\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t500.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1038\/sc.1994.78"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b16","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101565","article-title":"Bladder epithelium is abnormal in patients with neurogenic bladder due to 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Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t116\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t128."},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b18","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.","article-title":"Urinary symptoms are unrelated to leukocyte esterase and nitrite among indwelling catheter users","unstructured":"Rounds\n AK,\n \n \n Tractenberg\n RE,\n \n \n Groah\n SL,\n \n \n Frost\n J,\n \n \n Ljungberg\n IH,\n \n \n Navia\n H,\n \n \n Pham\n C.\n \n \n Urinary symptoms are unrelated to leukocyte esterase and nitrite among indwelling catheter users.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.In press."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b19","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"e226","article-title":"MP20-08 pyuria and asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with novel and specific urine microbiomes","volume":"193","year":"2015","unstructured":"Groah\n S,\n \n \n Perez-Losada\n M,\n \n \n Caldovic\n L,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tMP20-08 pyuria and asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with novel and specific urine microbiomes.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t193(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\te226.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.juro.2015.02.980"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b20","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"102","article-title":"Significance of bacteriuria in neurogenic bladder","volume":"27","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jayawardena\n V,\n \n \n Midha\n M.\n \n \n Significance of bacteriuria in neurogenic bladder.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t27(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t102\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t105."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b21","series-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-019-0668-7","article-title":"Advances and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections: The need for diagnostic stewardship","volume":"21","year":"2019","unstructured":"Claeys\n KC,\n \n \n Blanco\n N,\n \n \n Morgan\n DJ,\n \n \n Leekha\n S,\n \n \n Sullivan\n KV.\n \n \n Advances and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections: The need for diagnostic stewardship.\n\t\t\t\t\tCurr Infect Dis Rep.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t11.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1007\/s11908-019-0668-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b22","series-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310383432","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria of urinary tract infection in male patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"25","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ronco\n E,\n \n \n Denys\n P,\n \n \n Bern\u00e8de-Bauduin\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagnostic criteria of urinary tract infection in male patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurorehabil Neural Repair.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t25(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t351\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t358.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1177\/1545968310383432"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b23","series-title":"J Am Paraplegia Soc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/01952307.1992.11735873","article-title":"The prevention and management of urinary tract infections among people with spinal cord injuries. January 27\u201329, 1992","volume":"15","year":"1992","unstructured":"National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Consensus Statement.\n \n The prevention and management of urinary tract infections among people with spinal cord injuries. January 27\u201329, 1992.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Paraplegia Soc.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t194\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t207.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1080\/01952307.1992.11735873"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b24","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1086\/650482","article-title":"Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hooton\n TM,\n \n \n Bradley\n SF,\n \n \n Cardenas\n DD,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t663.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1086\/650482"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b25","article-title":"Prevention and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Paralyzed Persons: Summary. 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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999.\n\t\t\t\t\thttps:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK11881\/"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b26","article-title":"EAU Guidelines","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonkat\n G,\n \n \n Bartoletti\n R,\n \n \n Bruyere\n F,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEAU Guidelines.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021. https:\/\/uroweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EAU-Guidelines-on-Urological-infections-2021.pdf"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b27","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.033","article-title":"European and Asian guidelines on management and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections","volume":"31","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tenke\n P,\n \n \n Kovacs\n B,\n \n \n Bjerklund Johansen\n TE,\n \n \n Matsumoto\n T,\n \n \n Tambyah\n PA,\n \n \n Naber\n KG.\n \n \n European and Asian guidelines on management and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Antimicrob Agents.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t31(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1):\n\t\t\t\t\tS68\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t78.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.033"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b28","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"527","article-title":"Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care providers","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine.\n \n Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care providers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t527\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t573."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b29","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2019.1647928","article-title":"Conception and development of urinary tract infection indicators to advance the quality of spinal cord injury rehabilitation: SCI-High Project","volume":"42","year":"2019","unstructured":"Craven\n BC,\n \n \n Alavinia\n SM,\n \n \n Gajewski\n JB,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tConception and development of urinary tract infection indicators to advance the quality of spinal cord injury rehabilitation: SCI-High Project.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t42(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1):\n\t\t\t\t\t205\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t214.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1080\/10790268.2019.1647928"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b30","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0557","article-title":"Variation in definitions of urinary tract infections in spina bifida patients: A systematic review","volume":"132","year":"2013","unstructured":"Madden-Fuentes\n RJ,\n \n \n McNamara\n ER,\n \n \n Lloyd\n JC,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tVariation in definitions of urinary tract infections in spina bifida patients: A systematic 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J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E157","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.5912","article-title":"Canadian Urological Association guideline: Diagnosis, management, and surveillance of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction - Full text","volume":"13","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kavanagh\n A,\n \n \n Baverstock\n R,\n \n \n Campeau\n L,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCanadian Urological Association guideline: Diagnosis, management, and surveillance of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction - Full text.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan Urol Assoc J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\tE157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tE176.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.5489\/cuaj.5912"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b33","series-title":"Researching Health: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saks\n M.\n \n \n \n Researching Health: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tThousand Oaks, 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of work method.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:CizekGJ,ed.Setting Performance Standards: Foundations, Methods, and Innovations.\n\t\t\t\t\t2nd ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York:\n\t\t\t\t\tRoutledge;\n\t\t\t\t\t2012:\n\t\t\t\t\t201\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t223."},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b36","series-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust","year":"2011","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines;\n \n Graham\n R,\n \n \n Mancher\n M,\n \n \n Miller Wolman\n D,\n \n \n Greenfield\n S,\n \n \n Steinberg\n E,\n \n \n eds.\n \n Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Academies Press;\n\t\t\t\t\t2011. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK209539\/"},{"key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b37","article-title":"Handbook for clinical practice guidelines development: Training and resources","unstructured":"Infectious Diseases Society of America.\n \n Handbook for clinical practice guidelines development: Training and resources. 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method","volume":"22","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iqbal\n S,\n \n \n Pipon-Young\n L.\n \n \n The Delphi method.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychologist.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t22(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t598\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t601. https:\/\/thepsychologist.bps.org.uk\/volume-22\/edition-7\/delphi-method"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-1-b42","series-title":"PLOS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197568","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197568","article-title":"Preliminary validation of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for individuals with neuropathic bladder using intermittent catheterization (USQNB-IC): A patient-centered patient reported outcome","volume":"13","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tractenberg\n RE,\n \n \n Groah\n SL,\n \n \n Rounds\n AK,\n \n \n Ljungberg\n IH,\n \n \n Schladen\n MM.\n \n \n Preliminary validation of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for individuals with neuropathic bladder using intermittent catheterization (USQNB-IC): A patient-centered 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