{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:49:40Z","timestamp":1779230980237,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n People with a spinal cord injury (SCI) have a high rate of bowel-related morbidity, even compared with people with other neurological disorders. These complications lower quality of life and place a financial burden on the health system. A noninvasive intervention that improves the bowel function of people with an SCI should reduce morbidity, improve quality of life, and lead to cost savings for health care providers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the effectiveness of noninvasive abdominal functional electrical stimulation (FES) for improving bowel function in people with a chronic SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A prospective, double-blinded, 1:1 randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial will be conducted with 80 adults with chronic SCI (>12 months since injury) above T8 single neurological level. The intervention will be a 45-minute abdominal FES (or placebo) session, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Study Parameters\/Endpoints<\/jats:title>\n Primary endpoint is whole gut transit time before and after 6 weeks of abdominal FES. Secondary endpoints measured before and after 6 weeks of abdominal FES are (1) colonic transit time; (2) quality of life (EQ-5D-5L); (3) participant-reported bowel function (International SCI Bowel Function Basic Data Set Questionnaire and visual analogue scale); (4) respiratory function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, peak expiratory flow, maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure); (5) bladder symptoms (Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score); (6) daily bowel management diary; and (7) unplanned hospital visits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Safety data will be collected, and a cost utility analysis using quality of life scores will be performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12621000386831.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci22-00008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T12:08:56Z","timestamp":1668600536000},"page":"22-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of Abdominal Functional Electrical Stimulation for Improving Bowel Function in People With a Spinal Cord Injury: A Study Protocol for a Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith M.D.","family":"McNaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire L.","family":"Boswell-Ruys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonsan B.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Gandevia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Euan J.","family":"McCaughey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-28-4-22-b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101066","article-title":"Gastrointestinal and segmental colonic transit times in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord lesions","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krogh\n K,\n \n \n Mosdal\n C,\n \n \n Laurberg\n S.\n \n \n Gastrointestinal and segmental colonic transit times in patients with acute and 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