{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:48:34Z","timestamp":1788364114437,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The belief that intermittent catheterization results in fewer infections than indwelling catheters is commonly expressed in the spinal cord injury literature. Some practice guidelines strongly recommend intermittent over indwelling catheterization due to concerns about infections and other complications. However, studies on this topic are of low quality. Guidelines from the Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine suggest the data regarding infection risk are mixed, and they do not recommend one bladder management method over the other.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare risk of bias in studies reporting higher rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) with indwelling catheters to studies that found equal rates of UTI between indwelling and intermittent catheterization, and to describe implications in clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and SCOPUS databases from January 1, 1980, to September 15, 2020, was conducted. Eligible studies compared symptomatic UTI rates between indwelling and intermittent catheterization. We used a risk of bias assessment tool to evaluate each study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Twenty-four studies were identified. Only three of these reported significantly higher UTI risk with indwelling catheters, and all three demonstrated a critical risk of bias. More than half of the studies reported differences in UTI risk of less than 20% between the two methods. Studies with larger (nonsignificant) differences favoring intermittent catheterization were more susceptible to bias from confounding.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The hypothesis that indwelling catheters cause more UTIs than intermittent catheterization is not supported by the scientific literature. Most studies failed to demonstrate a significant difference in UTI risk, and studies with nonsignificant trends favoring intermittent catheterization were more susceptible to bias from confounding. Perceived risk of infection should not influence a patient\u2019s choice of catheter type.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci22-00009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T17:36:29Z","timestamp":1676482589000},"page":"94-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is It Really the Foley? A Systematic Review of Bladder Management and Infection Risk"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavina","family":"Jethani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmut","family":"Kaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b1","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"537","article-title":"Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health care providers","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine.\n \n Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health care providers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t537\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t573."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b2","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1097","article-title":"The AUA\/SUFU Guideline on Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Diagnosis and evaluation","volume":"206","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ginsberg\n DA,\n \n \n Boone\n TB,\n \n \n Cameron\n AP,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe AUA\/SUFU Guideline on Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Diagnosis and evaluation.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t206(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t1097\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1105."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b3","series-title":"Eur Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.028","article-title":"EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"56","year":"2009","unstructured":"St\u00f6hrer\n M,\n \n \n Blok\n B,\n \n \n Castro-Diaz\n D,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t81\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t8.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.028."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b4","series-title":"Can Urol Assoc J","first-page":"E157","article-title":"Canadian Urological Association guideline: Diagnosis, management, and surveillance of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction - 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Rea\n A,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEarly urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury: A retrospective inpatient cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t58(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t25\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t34."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b32","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"227","article-title":"A comparison of fine-bore suprapubic and an intermittent urethral catheterisation regime after spinal cord injury","volume":"21","year":"1983","unstructured":"Grundy\n DJ,\n \n \n Fellows\n GJ,\n \n \n Gillett\n AP,\n \n \n Nuseibeh\n I,\n \n \n Silver\n JR.\n \n \n A comparison of fine-bore suprapubic and an intermittent urethral catheterisation regime after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b33","series-title":"World J Urol","first-page":"2183","article-title":"The effect of appropriate bladder management on urinary tract infection rate in patients with a new spinal cord injury: A prospective observational study","volume":"37","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hennessey\n DB,\n \n \n Kinnear\n N,\n \n \n MacLellan\n L,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effect of appropriate bladder management on urinary tract infection rate in patients with a new spinal cord injury: A prospective observational study.\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t37(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t2183\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2188."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b34","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"682","article-title":"Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"54","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krebs\n J,\n \n \n W\u00f6llner\n J,\n \n \n Pannek\n J.\n \n \n Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t54(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t682\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t686."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b35","series-title":"Urol Res","first-page":"435","article-title":"Complications of the upper urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injury: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"33","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ku\n JH,\n \n \n Choi\n WJ,\n \n \n Lee\n KY,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tComplications of the upper urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injury: A long-term follow-up study.\n\t\t\t\t\tUrol Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t33(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t435\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t439."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b36","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"156","article-title":"Social and functional variables associated with urinary tract infections in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"78","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liguori\n PA,\n \n \n Cardenas\n DD,\n \n \n Ullrich\n P.\n \n \n Social and functional variables associated with urinary tract infections in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t156\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t160."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b37","series-title":"J Urol.","first-page":"523","article-title":"Initial bladder management in spinal cord injury: Does it make a difference?","volume":"135","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lloyd\n LK,\n \n \n Kuhlemeier\n KV,\n \n \n Fine\n PR,\n \n \n Stover\n SL.\n \n \n Initial bladder management in spinal cord injury: Does it make a difference?\n \n J Urol.\n \n 1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t135(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t523\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t527."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b38","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"730","article-title":"Comparative urological outcome in women with spinal cord injury","volume":"135","year":"1986","unstructured":"McGuire\n EJ,\n \n \n Savastano\n J.\n \n \n Comparative urological outcome in women with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t135(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t730\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t731."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b39","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"434","article-title":"Is suprapubic cystostomy an optimal urinary management in high quadriplegics? A comparative study of suprapubic cystostomy and clean intermittent catheterization","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mitsui\n T,\n \n \n Minami\n K,\n \n \n Furuno\n T,\n \n \n Morita\n H,\n \n \n Koyanagi\n T.\n \n \n Is suprapubic cystostomy an optimal urinary management in high quadriplegics? A comparative study of suprapubic cystostomy and clean intermittent catheterization.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t434\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t438."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b40","series-title":"Complications Audit of Urological Issues in Spinal Cord Injury Evaluation Study (CAUSES)","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nunn\n A,\n \n \n Millard\n M,\n \n \n Alexander\n JA,\n \n \n MacLellan\n L,\n \n \n Byrne\n C.\n \n \n \n Complications Audit of Urological Issues in Spinal Cord Injury Evaluation Study (CAUSES)\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tMelbourne, Australia:\n\t\t\t\t\tInstitute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research;\n\t\t\t\t\t2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b41","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"99","article-title":"Epidemiology of urinary tract infection among spinal cord injured patients in rehabilitation ward at Siriraj Hospital","volume":"96","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ploypetch\n T,\n \n \n Dajpratham\n P,\n \n \n Assanasen\n S,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEpidemiology of urinary tract infection among spinal cord injured patients in rehabilitation ward at Siriraj Hospital.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Med Assoc Thai.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t96(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t99\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t106."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b42","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"700","article-title":"Patient subjective assessment of urinary tract infection frequency and severity is associated with bladder management method in spinal cord injury","volume":"57","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roth\n JD,\n \n \n Pariser\n JJ,\n \n \n Stoffel\n JT,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPatient subjective assessment of urinary tract infection frequency and severity is associated with bladder management method in spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t57(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t700\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t707."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b43","series-title":"Vojnosanit Pregl","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Analysis of the factors influencing development of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injuries","volume":"72","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sekuli\u0107\n A,\n \n \n Nikoli\u0107\n A,\n \n \n Bukumiri\u0107\n Z,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAnalysis of the factors influencing development of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tVojnosanit Pregl.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t72(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1074\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1079."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b44","series-title":"Indian J Orthop","first-page":"141","article-title":"Bladder management methods and urological complications in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"45","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh\n R,\n \n \n Rohilla\n RK,\n \n \n Sangwan\n K,\n \n \n Siwach\n R,\n \n \n Magu\n NK,\n \n \n Sangwan\n SS.\n \n \n Bladder management methods and urological complications in spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t45(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t147."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b45","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","first-page":"92","article-title":"Urinary tract infections and bladder management over the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation","volume":"4","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stillman\n MD,\n \n \n Hoffman\n JM,\n \n \n Barber\n JK,\n \n \n Williams\n SR,\n \n \n Burns\n SP.\n \n \n Urinary tract infections and bladder management over the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord Ser Cases.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018; 19;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t92."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b46","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"556","article-title":"Urological outcome in female patients with spinal cord injury: the effectiveness of intermittent catheterisation","volume":"28","year":"1990","unstructured":"Timoney\n AG,\n \n \n Shaw\n PJ.\n \n \n Urological outcome in female patients with spinal cord injury: the effectiveness of intermittent catheterisation.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t556\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t563."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b47","series-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8905","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8905","article-title":"The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients","volume":"7","year":"2014","unstructured":"Togan\n T,\n \n \n Azap\n OK,\n \n \n Durukan\n E,\n \n \n Arslan\n H.\n \n \n The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJundishapur J Microbiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\te8905.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.5812\/jjm.8905."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b48","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"762","article-title":"Compliance with bladder management in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yavuzer\n G,\n \n \n G\u00f6k\n H,\n \n \n Tuncer\n S,\n \n \n Soyg\u00fcr\n T,\n \n \n Arikan\n N,\n \n \n Arasil\n T.\n \n \n Compliance with bladder management in spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t762\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t765."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b49","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"401","article-title":"Proportion of complications in patients practicing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) vs indwelling catheter","volume":"56","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turi\n MH,\n \n \n Hanif\n S,\n \n \n Fasih\n Q,\n \n \n Shaikh\n MA.\n \n \n Proportion of complications in patients practicing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) vs indwelling catheter.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pak Med Assoc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t401\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t404."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b50","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"211","article-title":"Reasons for cessation of clean intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury: Results from the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group Spinal Cord Injury Registry","volume":"39","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel\n DP,\n \n \n Herrick\n JS,\n \n \n Stoffel\n JT,\n \n \n Elliott\n SP,\n \n \n Lenherr\n SM,\n \n \n Presson\n AP,\n \n \n Welk\n B,\n \n \n Jha\n A,\n \n \n Myers\n JB;\n \n Neurogenic Bladder Research Group (NBRG.org).\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Reasons for cessation of clean intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury: Results from the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group Spinal Cord Injury Registry.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurourol Urodyn.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t211\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t219."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b51","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"2118","article-title":"Optimal bladder management following spinal cord injury: Evidence, practice and a cooperative approach driving future directions in Australia","volume":"99","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goodwin\n DM,\n \n \n Brock\n J,\n \n \n Dunlop\n S,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tOptimal bladder management following spinal cord injury: Evidence, practice and a cooperative approach driving future directions in Australia.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t99(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t2118\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2121."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b52","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"854","article-title":"The impact of catheter-based bladder drainage method on urinary tract infection risk in spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder: A systematic review","volume":"39","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kinnear\n N,\n \n \n Barnett\n D,\n \n \n O\u2019Callaghan\n M,\n \n \n Horsell\n K,\n \n \n Gani\n J,\n \n \n Hennessey\n D.\n \n \n The impact of catheter-based bladder drainage method on urinary tract infection risk in spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder: A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurourol Urodyn.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t854\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t862."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b53","series-title":"Br J Urol","first-page":"85","article-title":"Physical predictors of infection in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization: A prospective 7-year study","volume":"79","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bakke\n A,\n \n \n Digranes\n A,\n \n \n H\u00f8isaeter\n PA.\n \n \n Physical predictors of infection in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization: A prospective 7-year study.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t79(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t85\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t90."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b54","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"992","article-title":"Comparison of long-term renal function after spinal cord injury using different urinary management methods","volume":"78","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sekar\n P,\n \n \n Wallace\n DD,\n \n \n Waites\n KB,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tComparison of long-term renal function after spinal cord injury using different urinary management methods.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t992\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t997."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b55","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)49959-9","article-title":"Urinary infection and complications during clean intermittent catheterization following spinal cord injury","volume":"132","year":"1984","unstructured":"Maynard\n FM,\n \n \n Diokno\n AC.\n \n \n Urinary infection and complications during clean intermittent catheterization following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1984;\n\t\t\t\t\t132(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t943\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t946.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)49959-9.\n\t\t\t\t\tPMID:6333518."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b56","series-title":"Korean J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2011.52.5.345","article-title":"Results of urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to the voiding method over 10 years in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"52","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ryu\n KH,\n \n \n Kim\n YB,\n \n \n Yang\n SO,\n \n \n Lee\n JK,\n \n \n Jung\n TY.\n \n \n Results of urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to the voiding method over 10 years in patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tKorean J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t52(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t345\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t349.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.4111\/kju.2011.52.5.345."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b1","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"537","article-title":"Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health care providers","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine.\n \n Bladder management for adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health care providers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t537\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t573."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b2","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1097","article-title":"The AUA\/SUFU Guideline on Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Diagnosis and evaluation","volume":"206","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ginsberg\n DA,\n \n \n Boone\n TB,\n \n \n Cameron\n AP,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe AUA\/SUFU Guideline on Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Diagnosis and evaluation.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t206(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t1097\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1105."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b3","series-title":"Eur Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.028","article-title":"EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"56","year":"2009","unstructured":"St\u00f6hrer\n M,\n \n \n Blok\n B,\n \n \n Castro-Diaz\n D,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t81\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t8.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.028."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b4","series-title":"Can Urol Assoc J","first-page":"E157","article-title":"Canadian Urological Association guideline: Diagnosis, management, and surveillance of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction - Full text","volume":"13","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kavanagh\n A,\n \n \n Baverstock\n R,\n \n \n Campeau\n L,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCanadian Urological Association guideline: Diagnosis, management, and surveillance of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction - Full text.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan Urol Assoc J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\tE157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tE176."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b5","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"625","article-title":"Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hooton\n TM,\n \n \n Bradley\n SF,\n \n \n Cardenas\n DD,\n \n ;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tInfectious Diseases Society of America.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t63."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b6","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"645","article-title":"Compliance with clean intermittent catheterization in spinal cord injury patients: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"51","year":"2013","unstructured":"Afsar\n SI,\n \n \n Yemisci\n OU,\n \n \n Cosar\n SN,\n \n \n Cetin\n N.\n \n \n Compliance with clean intermittent catheterization in spinal cord injury patients: A long-term follow-up study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t645\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t649."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b7","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"462","article-title":"Neurogenic bladder in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: Treatment and 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Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t164(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t1285\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1289."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b12","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"418","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of urologic complications in male patients with spinal cord injury managed with and without indwelling urinary catheters","volume":"50","year":"1997","unstructured":"Larsen\n LD,\n \n \n Chamberlin\n DA,\n \n \n Khonsari\n F,\n \n \n Ahlering\n TE.\n \n \n Retrospective analysis of urologic complications in male patients with spinal cord injury managed with and without indwelling urinary catheters.\n\t\t\t\t\tUrology.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t418\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t422."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b13","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"95","article-title":"Factors implicated in pathogenesis of urinary tract infections in neurogenic bladders: Some revered, few forgotten, others 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Rea\n A,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEarly urinary tract infection after spinal cord injury: A retrospective inpatient cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t58(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t25\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t34."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b32","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"227","article-title":"A comparison of fine-bore suprapubic and an intermittent urethral catheterisation regime after spinal cord injury","volume":"21","year":"1983","unstructured":"Grundy\n DJ,\n \n \n Fellows\n GJ,\n \n \n Gillett\n AP,\n \n \n Nuseibeh\n I,\n \n \n Silver\n JR.\n \n \n A comparison of fine-bore suprapubic and an intermittent urethral catheterisation regime after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b33","series-title":"World J Urol","first-page":"2183","article-title":"The effect of appropriate bladder management on urinary 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Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t54(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t682\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t686."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b35","series-title":"Urol Res","first-page":"435","article-title":"Complications of the upper urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injury: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"33","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ku\n JH,\n \n \n Choi\n WJ,\n \n \n Lee\n KY,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tComplications of the upper urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injury: A long-term follow-up study.\n\t\t\t\t\tUrol Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t33(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t435\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t439."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b36","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"156","article-title":"Social and functional variables associated with urinary tract infections in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"78","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liguori\n PA,\n \n \n Cardenas\n DD,\n \n \n Ullrich\n P.\n \n \n Social and functional variables associated with urinary tract infections in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t156\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t160."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b37","series-title":"J Urol.","first-page":"523","article-title":"Initial bladder management in spinal cord injury: Does it make a difference?","volume":"135","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lloyd\n LK,\n \n \n Kuhlemeier\n KV,\n \n \n Fine\n PR,\n \n \n Stover\n SL.\n \n \n Initial bladder management in spinal cord injury: Does it make a difference?\n \n J Urol.\n \n 1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t135(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t523\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t527."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b38","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"730","article-title":"Comparative urological outcome in women with spinal cord injury","volume":"135","year":"1986","unstructured":"McGuire\n EJ,\n \n \n Savastano\n J.\n \n \n Comparative urological outcome in women with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t135(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t730\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t731."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b39","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"434","article-title":"Is suprapubic cystostomy an optimal urinary management in high quadriplegics? A comparative study of suprapubic cystostomy and clean intermittent catheterization","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mitsui\n T,\n \n \n Minami\n K,\n \n \n Furuno\n T,\n \n \n Morita\n H,\n \n \n Koyanagi\n T.\n \n \n Is suprapubic cystostomy an optimal urinary management in high quadriplegics? A comparative study of suprapubic cystostomy and clean intermittent catheterization.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t434\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t438."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b40","series-title":"Complications Audit of Urological Issues in Spinal Cord Injury Evaluation Study (CAUSES)","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nunn\n A,\n \n \n Millard\n M,\n \n \n Alexander\n JA,\n \n \n MacLellan\n L,\n \n \n Byrne\n C.\n \n \n \n Complications Audit of Urological Issues in Spinal Cord Injury Evaluation Study (CAUSES)\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tMelbourne, Australia:\n\t\t\t\t\tInstitute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research;\n\t\t\t\t\t2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b41","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"99","article-title":"Epidemiology of urinary tract infection among spinal cord injured patients in rehabilitation ward at Siriraj Hospital","volume":"96","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ploypetch\n T,\n \n \n Dajpratham\n P,\n \n \n Assanasen\n S,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEpidemiology of urinary tract infection among spinal cord injured patients in rehabilitation ward at Siriraj Hospital.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Med Assoc Thai.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t96(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t99\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t106."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b42","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"700","article-title":"Patient subjective assessment of urinary tract infection frequency and severity is associated with bladder management method in spinal cord injury","volume":"57","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roth\n JD,\n \n \n Pariser\n JJ,\n \n \n Stoffel\n JT,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPatient subjective assessment of urinary tract infection frequency and severity is associated with bladder management method in spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t57(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t700\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t707."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b43","series-title":"Vojnosanit Pregl","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Analysis of the factors influencing development of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injuries","volume":"72","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sekuli\u0107\n A,\n \n \n Nikoli\u0107\n A,\n \n \n Bukumiri\u0107\n Z,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tAnalysis of the factors influencing development of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tVojnosanit Pregl.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t72(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1074\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1079."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b44","series-title":"Indian J Orthop","first-page":"141","article-title":"Bladder management methods and urological complications in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"45","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh\n R,\n \n \n Rohilla\n RK,\n \n \n Sangwan\n K,\n \n \n Siwach\n R,\n \n \n Magu\n NK,\n \n \n Sangwan\n SS.\n \n \n Bladder management methods and urological complications in spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t45(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t147."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b45","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","first-page":"92","article-title":"Urinary tract infections and bladder management over the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation","volume":"4","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stillman\n MD,\n \n \n Hoffman\n JM,\n \n \n Barber\n JK,\n \n \n Williams\n SR,\n \n \n Burns\n SP.\n \n \n Urinary tract infections and bladder management over the first year after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord Ser Cases.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018; 19;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t92."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b46","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"556","article-title":"Urological outcome in female patients with spinal cord injury: the effectiveness of intermittent catheterisation","volume":"28","year":"1990","unstructured":"Timoney\n AG,\n \n \n Shaw\n PJ.\n \n \n Urological outcome in female patients with spinal cord injury: the effectiveness of intermittent catheterisation.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t28(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t556\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t563."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b47","series-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8905","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8905","article-title":"The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients","volume":"7","year":"2014","unstructured":"Togan\n T,\n \n \n Azap\n OK,\n \n \n Durukan\n E,\n \n \n Arslan\n H.\n \n \n The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJundishapur J Microbiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\te8905.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.5812\/jjm.8905."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b48","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"762","article-title":"Compliance with bladder management in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yavuzer\n G,\n \n \n G\u00f6k\n H,\n \n \n Tuncer\n S,\n \n \n Soyg\u00fcr\n T,\n \n \n Arikan\n N,\n \n \n Arasil\n T.\n \n \n Compliance with bladder management in spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t762\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t765."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b49","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"401","article-title":"Proportion of complications in patients practicing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) vs indwelling catheter","volume":"56","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turi\n MH,\n \n \n Hanif\n S,\n \n \n Fasih\n Q,\n \n \n Shaikh\n MA.\n \n \n Proportion of complications in patients practicing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) vs indwelling catheter.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pak Med Assoc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t401\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t404."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b50","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"211","article-title":"Reasons for cessation of clean intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury: Results from the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group Spinal Cord Injury Registry","volume":"39","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel\n DP,\n \n \n Herrick\n JS,\n \n \n Stoffel\n JT,\n \n \n Elliott\n SP,\n \n \n Lenherr\n SM,\n \n \n Presson\n AP,\n \n \n Welk\n B,\n \n \n Jha\n A,\n \n \n Myers\n JB;\n \n Neurogenic Bladder Research Group (NBRG.org).\n\t\t\t\t\t\n Reasons for cessation of clean intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury: Results from the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group Spinal Cord Injury Registry.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurourol Urodyn.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t211\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t219."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b51","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"2118","article-title":"Optimal bladder management following spinal cord injury: Evidence, practice and a cooperative approach driving future directions in Australia","volume":"99","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goodwin\n DM,\n \n \n Brock\n J,\n \n \n Dunlop\n S,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tOptimal bladder management following spinal cord injury: Evidence, practice and a cooperative approach driving future directions in Australia.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t99(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t2118\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2121."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b52","series-title":"Neurourol Urodyn","first-page":"854","article-title":"The impact of catheter-based bladder drainage method on urinary tract infection risk in spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder: A systematic review","volume":"39","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kinnear\n N,\n \n \n Barnett\n D,\n \n \n O\u2019Callaghan\n M,\n \n \n Horsell\n K,\n \n \n Gani\n J,\n \n \n Hennessey\n D.\n \n \n The impact of catheter-based bladder drainage method on urinary tract infection risk in spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder: A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurourol Urodyn.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t854\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t862."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b53","series-title":"Br J Urol","first-page":"85","article-title":"Physical predictors of infection in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization: A prospective 7-year study","volume":"79","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bakke\n A,\n \n \n Digranes\n A,\n \n \n H\u00f8isaeter\n PA.\n \n \n Physical predictors of infection in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization: A prospective 7-year study.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t79(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t85\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t90."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b54","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"992","article-title":"Comparison of long-term renal function after spinal cord injury using different urinary management methods","volume":"78","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sekar\n P,\n \n \n Wallace\n DD,\n \n \n Waites\n KB,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tComparison of long-term renal function after spinal cord injury using different urinary management methods.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t992\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t997."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b55","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)49959-9","article-title":"Urinary infection and complications during clean intermittent catheterization following spinal cord injury","volume":"132","year":"1984","unstructured":"Maynard\n FM,\n \n \n Diokno\n AC.\n \n \n Urinary infection and complications during clean intermittent catheterization following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1984;\n\t\t\t\t\t132(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t943\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t946.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)49959-9.\n\t\t\t\t\tPMID:6333518."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-94-b56","series-title":"Korean J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2011.52.5.345","article-title":"Results of urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to the voiding method over 10 years in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"52","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ryu\n KH,\n \n \n Kim\n YB,\n \n \n Yang\n SO,\n \n \n Lee\n JK,\n \n \n Jung\n TY.\n \n \n Results of urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to the voiding method over 10 years in patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tKorean J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t52(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t345\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t349.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.4111\/kju.2011.52.5.345."}],"container-title":["Topics in Spinal Cord Injury 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