{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:00:19Z","timestamp":1781784019153,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common secondary medical complication following spinal cord injury (SCI), significantly impacting health care resource utilization and costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize risk factors and health care utilization costs associated with UTIs in the setting of SCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IBM\u2019s Marketscan Database from 2000\u20132019 was utilized to identify individuals with traumatic SCI. Relevant ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes classified individuals into two analysis groups: having \u2265 1 UTI episode or no UTI episodes within 2 years following injury. Demographics (age, sex), insurance type, comorbidities, level of injury (cervical, thoracic, lumbar\/sacral), and health care utilization\/payments were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 6762 individuals retained, 1860 had \u2265 1 UTI with an average of three episodes (\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      2). Younger age, female sex, thoracic level of injury, noncommercial insurance, and having at least one comorbidity were associated with increased odds of UTI. Individuals with a UTI in year 1 were 11 times more likely to experience a UTI in year 2. As expected, those with a UTI had a higher rate and associated cost of hospital admission, use of outpatient services, and prescription refills. UTIs were associated with 2.48 times higher cumulated health care resource use payments over 2 years after injury.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to bladder management-related causes, several factors are associated with an increased risk of UTIs following SCI. UTI incidence substantially increases health care utilization costs. An increased understanding of UTI-associated risk factors may improve the ability to identify and manage higher risk individuals with SCI and ultimately optimize their health care utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci22-00022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T17:36:27Z","timestamp":1676482587000},"page":"108-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Health Care Utilization and Cost Associated With Urinary Tract Infections in a Privately Insured Spinal Cord Injury Population"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"April N.","family":"Herrity","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman V.","family":"Isakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzoma A.","family":"Anele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Ugiliweneza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Health Management and Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b1","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","first-page":"894","article-title":"Secondary health conditions and spinal cord injury: An uphill battle in the journey of care","volume":"35","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guilcher\n              SJT,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Secondary health conditions and spinal cord injury: An uphill battle in the journey of care.\n\t\t\t\t\tDisabil Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t894\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t906."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b2","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"693","article-title":"Problematic secondary health conditions among adults with spinal cord injury and its impact on social participation and daily life","volume":"39","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piatt\n              JA,\n            \n            \n              Nagata\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Zahl\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Li\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Rosenbluth\n              JP.\n            \n          \n          Problematic secondary health conditions among adults with spinal cord injury and its impact on social participation and daily life.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t693\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t698."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b3","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"513","article-title":"Utilization of health services following spinal cord injury: A 6-year follow-up study","volume":"42","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dryden\n              DM,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Utilization of health services following spinal cord injury: A 6-year follow-up study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\t513\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t525."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b4","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance","year":"2021","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center.\n          \n          \n            Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tBirmingham, AL:\n\t\t\t\t\tAuthor;\n\t\t\t\t\t2021."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b5","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"692","article-title":"Risk of hospitalizations after spinal cord injury: Relationship with biographical, injury, educational, and behavioral factors","volume":"47","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Saunders\n              LL.\n            \n          \n          Risk of hospitalizations after spinal cord injury: Relationship with biographical, injury, educational, and behavioral factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t47:\n\t\t\t\t\t692\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t697."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b6","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Predicting unplanned hospitalizations in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"75","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ivie\n              CS\n              III,\n            \n            \n              DeVivo\n              MJ.\n            \n          \n          Predicting unplanned hospitalizations in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t75:\n\t\t\t\t\t1182\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1188."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b7","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"121","article-title":"Rehospitalization after initial rehabilitation for acute spinal cord injury: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"71","year":"1990","unstructured":"Davidoff\n              G,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Rehospitalization after initial rehabilitation for acute spinal cord injury: Incidence and risk factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t71:\n\t\t\t\t\t121\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t124."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b8","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter analysis","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cardenas\n              DD,\n            \n            \n              Hoffman\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Kirshblum\n              S,\n            \n            \n              McKinley\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t1757\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1763."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b9","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"690","article-title":"Examining health-care utilization in the first year following spinal cord injury","volume":"38","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skelton\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Hoffman\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Reyes\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Burns\n              SP.\n            \n          \n          Examining health-care utilization in the first year following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t690\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t695."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b10","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Inpatient hospital utilization among veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"77","year":"1996","unstructured":"Samsa\n              GP,\n            \n            \n              Landsman\n              PB,\n            \n            \n              Hamilton\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Inpatient hospital utilization among veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t77:\n\t\t\t\t\t1037\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1043)."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b11","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury: Clincal Outcomes From the Model Systems.","first-page":"234","article-title":"The economic impact of spinal cord injury","year":"1995","unstructured":"DeVivo\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Whiteneck\n              GG,\n            \n            \n              Charles\n              ED.\n            \n          \n          The economic impact of spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tInStoverSL,DeLisaGG,WhiteneckGG,eds.Spinal Cord Injury: Clincal Outcomes From the Model Systems.Gaithersburg, MD:\n\t\t\t\t\tAspen;\n\t\t\t\t\t1995:\n\t\t\t\t\t234\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t271."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b12","series-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","first-page":"441","article-title":"Direct health care costs after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"59","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dryden\n              DM,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Direct health care costs after traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Trauma Acute Care Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t59:\n\t\t\t\t\t441\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t447."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b13","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"S87","article-title":"Rehospitalization in the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury after discharge from medical rehabilitation","volume":"94","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeJong\n              G,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Rehospitalization in the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury after discharge from medical rehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t94:\n\t\t\t\t\tS87\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t97."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b14","series-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol","first-page":"157","article-title":"Urological situation five years after spinal cord injury","volume":"33","year":"1999","unstructured":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Nielans\n              HM,\n            \n            \n              D\u00f8rflinger\n              T,\n            \n            \n              S\u00f8rensen\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Urological situation five years after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tScand J Urol Nephrol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t161."},{"issue":"Suppl 1A","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b15","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"67s","article-title":"Pathogenesis of bacteriuria and infection in the spinal cord injured patient","volume":"113","year":"2002","unstructured":"Siroky\n              MB.\n            \n          \n          Pathogenesis of bacteriuria and infection in the spinal cord injured patient.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t113(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1A):\n\t\t\t\t\t67s\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t79s."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b16","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"558","article-title":"Residual urine volume: Correlate of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"62","year":"1981","unstructured":"Merritt\n              JL.\n            \n          \n          Residual urine volume: Correlate of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1981;\n\t\t\t\t\t62:\n\t\t\t\t\t558\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t561."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b17","series-title":"Ann Rehabil Med","first-page":"248","article-title":"The relation between postvoid residual and occurrence of urinary tract infection after stroke in rehabilitation unit","volume":"36","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim\n              BR,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The relation between postvoid residual and occurrence of urinary tract infection after stroke in rehabilitation unit.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Rehabil Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t36:\n\t\t\t\t\t248\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t253."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b18","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"272","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"76","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cardenas\n              DD,\n            \n            \n              Hooton\n              TM.\n            \n          \n          Urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t272\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t280."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b19","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"320","article-title":"The morbidity due to lower urinary tract function in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"31","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van Kerrebroeck\n              PE,\n            \n            \n              Koldewijn\n              EL,\n            \n            \n              Scherpenhuizen\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Debruyne\n              FM.\n            \n          \n          The morbidity due to lower urinary tract function in spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t31:\n\t\t\t\t\t320\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t329."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b20","series-title":"IBM Marketscan Research Databases for life sciences researchers","year":"2020","unstructured":"IBM Marketscan Research Databases for life sciences researchers\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIBM Watson Health;\n\t\t\t\t\t2020. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/marketscan-research-databases\/databases"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b21","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"S50","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury","volume":"26","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marino\n              RJ,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t26(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl):\n\t\t\t\t\tS50\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t56."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b22","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"346","article-title":"2009 review and revisions of the international standards for the neurological classification of spinal cord injury","volume":"33","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waring\n              WP\n              3rd,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2009 review and revisions of the international standards for the neurological classification of spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t346\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t352."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b23","series-title":"Med Care","first-page":"8","article-title":"Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data","volume":"36","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elixhauser\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Steiner\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Harris\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Coffey\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t36,\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t27."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b24","series-title":"Med Care","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quan\n              H,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1130\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1139."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b25","series-title":"Multivariate Behav Res","first-page":"399","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin\n              PC.\n            \n          \n          An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tMultivariate Behav Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t46:\n\t\t\t\t\t399\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t424)."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b26","series-title":"Stat Med","first-page":"3661","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies","volume":"34","year":"2015","unstructured":"Austin\n              PC,\n            \n            \n              Stuart\n              EA.\n            \n          \n          Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tStat Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t3661\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3679."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b27","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"625","article-title":"Behind the numbers: Inverse probability weighting","volume":"271","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halpern\n              EF.\n            \n          \n          Behind the numbers: Inverse probability weighting.\n\t\t\t\t\tRadiology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t271:\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t628."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b28","series-title":"Clin Kidney J","first-page":"14","article-title":"An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research","volume":"15","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chesnaye\n              NC,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Kidney J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t14\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b29","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"704","article-title":"Rehospitalization and spinal cord injury: Cross-sectional survey of adults living independently","volume":"66","year":"1985","unstructured":"Meyers\n              AR,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Rehospitalization and spinal cord injury: Cross-sectional survey of adults living independently.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1985;\n\t\t\t\t\t66:\n\t\t\t\t\t704\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t708."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b30","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"282","article-title":"Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA\/CUA\/SUFU guideline","volume":"202","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anger\n              J,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA\/CUA\/SUFU guideline.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t202:\n\t\t\t\t\t282\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t289."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b31","series-title":"Can J Urol","first-page":"4065","article-title":"Intermittent catheterization practices following spinal cord injury: A national survey","volume":"15","year":"2008","unstructured":"Woodbury\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Hayes\n              KC,\n            \n            \n              Askes\n              HK.\n            \n          \n          Intermittent catheterization practices following spinal cord injury: A national survey.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t4065\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4071."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b32","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"258","article-title":"Systematic review of risk factors for urinary tract infection in adults with spinal cord dysfunction","volume":"22","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shekelle\n              PG,\n            \n            \n              Morton\n              SC,\n            \n            \n              Clark\n              KA,\n            \n            \n              Pathak\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Vickrey\n              BG.\n            \n          \n          Systematic review of risk factors for urinary tract infection in adults with spinal cord dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t22:\n\t\t\t\t\t258\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b33","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"337","article-title":"A comparison of women and men with spinal cord injury","volume":"36","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shackelford\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Farley\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Vines\n              CL.\n            \n          \n          A comparison of women and men with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t36:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t339."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b34","series-title":"J Clin Nurs","first-page":"2068","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infections in hospitalised patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"30","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim\n              Y,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infections in hospitalised patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Nurs.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t2068\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2078."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b35","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"69","article-title":"Retrospective study for risk factors for febrile UTI in spinal cord injury patients with routine concomitant intermittent catheterization in outpatient settings","volume":"54","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mukai\n              S,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Retrospective study for risk factors for febrile UTI in spinal cord injury patients with routine concomitant intermittent catheterization in outpatient settings.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t54:\n\t\t\t\t\t69\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t72."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b36","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"682","article-title":"Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"54","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krebs\n              J,\n            \n            \n              W\u00f6llner\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Pannek\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t54:\n\t\t\t\t\t682\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t686."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b37","series-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol","first-page":"e8905","article-title":"The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients","volume":"7","year":"2014","unstructured":"Togan\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Azap\n              OK,\n            \n            \n              Durukan\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Arslan\n              H.\n            \n          \n          The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJundishapur J Microbiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\te8905."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b38","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"691","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection following spinal cord injury","volume":"74","year":"1993","unstructured":"Waites\n              KB,\n            \n            \n              Canupp\n              KC,\n            \n            \n              DeVivo\n              MJ.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t74:\n\t\t\t\t\t691\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t695."},{"issue":"Suppl 1A","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b39","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"5s","article-title":"Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: Incidence, morbidity, and economic costs","volume":"113","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foxman\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: Incidence, morbidity, and economic costs.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t113(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1A):\n\t\t\t\t\t5s\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t13s."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b40","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"213","article-title":"Risk factors associated with recurrent urinary tract infection in neurogenic bladders managed by clean intermittent catheterization","volume":"102","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhry\n              R,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Risk factors associated with recurrent urinary tract infection in neurogenic bladders managed by clean intermittent catheterization.\n\t\t\t\t\tUrology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t102:\n\t\t\t\t\t213\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t218."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b41","series-title":"J Neurosurg Sci","first-page":"265","article-title":"Readmission after spinal cord injury: Analysis of an institutional cohort of 795 patients","volume":"62","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yarbrough\n              CK,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Readmission after spinal cord injury: Analysis of an institutional cohort of 795 patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Neurosurg Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t62:\n\t\t\t\t\t265\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t270."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b42","series-title":"PM R","first-page":"412","article-title":"Disparities in wheelchair procurement by payer among people with spinal cord injury","volume":"6","year":"2014","unstructured":"Groah\n              SL,\n            \n            \n              Ljungberg\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Lichy\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Oyster\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Boninger\n              ML.\n            \n          \n          Disparities in wheelchair procurement by payer among people with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tPM R.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t412\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t417."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b43","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"106","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury in West Virginia: Disparities by insurance and discharge disposition from an acute care hospital","volume":"43","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sedney\n              CL,\n            \n            \n              Khan\n              U,\n            \n            \n              Dekeseredy\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Traumatic spinal cord injury in West Virginia: Disparities by insurance and discharge disposition from an acute care hospital.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t43:\n\t\t\t\t\t106\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t110."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b44","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"213","article-title":"The role of health insurance in patient reported satisfaction with bladder management in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to spinal cord injury","volume":"205","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rude\n              T,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The role of health insurance in patient reported satisfaction with bladder management in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t205:\n\t\t\t\t\t213\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t218."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b45","series-title":"Biology","first-page":"928","article-title":"Peripheral immune dysfunction: A problem of central importance after spinal cord injury","volume":"10","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeffries\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Tom\n              VJ.\n            \n          \n          Peripheral immune dysfunction: A problem of central importance after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t928."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b46","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"113143","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"325","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bloom\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Herman\n              PE,\n            \n            \n              Spungen\n              AM.\n            \n          \n          Systemic inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tExp Neurol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t325:\n\t\t\t\t\t113143."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b47","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"692","article-title":"Spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome enhances infection susceptibility dependent on lesion level","volume":"139","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brommer\n              B,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome enhances infection susceptibility dependent on lesion level.\n\t\t\t\t\tBrain.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t139:\n\t\t\t\t\t692\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t707."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b48","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"20","article-title":"C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"28","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee\n              MY,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t20\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t25."},{"issue":"Suppl 1A","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b49","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"80s","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes","volume":"113","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stapleton,\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t113 (\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1A):\n\t\t\t\t\t80s\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t84s."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b50","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"164","year":"2000","unstructured":"Esclar\u00edn De Ruz\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Garc\u00eda Leoni\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Herruzo Cabrera\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t164:\n\t\t\t\t\t1285\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1289."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b51","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"780","article-title":"Management of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injuries","volume":"9","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Leoni\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Esclar\u00edn De Ruz\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Management of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Microbiol Infect.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t9:\n\t\t\t\t\t780\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t785."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b52","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"200","article-title":"Complications and urologic risks of neurogenic bladder in veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"53","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rabadi\n              MH,\n            \n            \n              Aston\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Complications and urologic risks of neurogenic bladder in veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t53:\n\t\t\t\t\t200\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t203."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b53","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center,\n          \n          \n            Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tBirmingham, AL:\n\t\t\t\t\tAuthor;\n\t\t\t\t\t2018."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b54","series-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl","first-page":"210","article-title":"The surgical risk of suprapubic catheter insertion and long-term sequelae","volume":"88","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahluwalia\n              RS,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The surgical risk of suprapubic catheter insertion and long-term sequelae.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn R Coll Surg Engl.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t88:\n\t\t\t\t\t210\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t213."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b55","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"625","article-title":"diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hooton\n              TM,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t50:\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t663."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b56","series-title":"World J Urol","first-page":"13","article-title":"The role of biofilm infection in urology","volume":"24","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tenke\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Kovacs\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Jackel\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Nagy\n              E.\n            \n          \n          The role of biofilm infection in urology.\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t13\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b57","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"575","article-title":"Long-term bladder and bowel management after spinal cord injury: A 20-year longitudinal study","volume":"56","year":"2018","unstructured":"Savic\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Frankel\n              HL,\n            \n            \n              Jamous\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Soni\n              BM,\n            \n            \n              Charlifue\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Long-term bladder and bowel management after spinal cord injury: A 20-year longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t56:\n\t\t\t\t\t575\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t581."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b58","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1614","article-title":"Genitourinary complications are a leading and expensive cause of emergency department and inpatient encounters for persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"100","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skelton\n              F,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Genitourinary complications are a leading and expensive cause of emergency department and inpatient encounters for persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t100:\n\t\t\t\t\t1614\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1621."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b59","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1013","article-title":"A Systematic review of the effects of community transition programs on quality of life and hospital readmissions for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"103","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tschoepe\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Benfield\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Posey\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Mercer\n              V.\n            \n          \n          A Systematic review of the effects of community transition programs on quality of life and hospital readmissions for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;\n\t\t\t\t\t103(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t1013\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1022.e12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.08.002"},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b60","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"677","article-title":"Models of care delivery from rehabilitation to community for spinal cord injury: A scoping review","volume":"38","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ho\n              C,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Models of care delivery from rehabilitation to community for spinal cord injury: A scoping review.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Neurotrauma.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t677\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t697."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b1","series-title":"Disabil Rehabil","first-page":"894","article-title":"Secondary health conditions and spinal cord injury: An uphill battle in the journey of care","volume":"35","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guilcher\n              SJT,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Secondary health conditions and spinal cord injury: An uphill battle in the journey of care.\n\t\t\t\t\tDisabil Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t894\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t906."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b2","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"693","article-title":"Problematic secondary health conditions among adults with spinal cord injury and its impact on social participation and daily life","volume":"39","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piatt\n              JA,\n            \n            \n              Nagata\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Zahl\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Li\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Rosenbluth\n              JP.\n            \n          \n          Problematic secondary health conditions among adults with spinal cord injury and its impact on social participation and daily life.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t693\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t698."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b3","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"513","article-title":"Utilization of health services following spinal cord injury: A 6-year follow-up study","volume":"42","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dryden\n              DM,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Utilization of health services following spinal cord injury: A 6-year follow-up study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\t513\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t525."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b4","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance","year":"2021","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center.\n          \n          \n            Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tBirmingham, AL:\n\t\t\t\t\tAuthor;\n\t\t\t\t\t2021."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b5","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"692","article-title":"Risk of hospitalizations after spinal cord injury: Relationship with biographical, injury, educational, and behavioral factors","volume":"47","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Saunders\n              LL.\n            \n          \n          Risk of hospitalizations after spinal cord injury: Relationship with biographical, injury, educational, and behavioral factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t47:\n\t\t\t\t\t692\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t697."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b6","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Predicting unplanned hospitalizations in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"75","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ivie\n              CS\n              III,\n            \n            \n              DeVivo\n              MJ.\n            \n          \n          Predicting unplanned hospitalizations in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t75:\n\t\t\t\t\t1182\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1188."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b7","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"121","article-title":"Rehospitalization after initial rehabilitation for acute spinal cord injury: Incidence and risk factors","volume":"71","year":"1990","unstructured":"Davidoff\n              G,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Rehospitalization after initial rehabilitation for acute spinal cord injury: Incidence and risk factors.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t71:\n\t\t\t\t\t121\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t124."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b8","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter analysis","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cardenas\n              DD,\n            \n            \n              Hoffman\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Kirshblum\n              S,\n            \n            \n              McKinley\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: A multicenter analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t1757\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1763."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b9","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"690","article-title":"Examining health-care utilization in the first year following spinal cord injury","volume":"38","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skelton\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Hoffman\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Reyes\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Burns\n              SP.\n            \n          \n          Examining health-care utilization in the first year following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t690\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t695."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b10","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Inpatient hospital utilization among veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"77","year":"1996","unstructured":"Samsa\n              GP,\n            \n            \n              Landsman\n              PB,\n            \n            \n              Hamilton\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Inpatient hospital utilization among veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t77:\n\t\t\t\t\t1037\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1043)."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b11","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury: Clincal Outcomes From the Model Systems.","first-page":"234","article-title":"The economic impact of spinal cord injury","year":"1995","unstructured":"DeVivo\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Whiteneck\n              GG,\n            \n            \n              Charles\n              ED.\n            \n          \n          The economic impact of spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tInStoverSL,DeLisaGG,WhiteneckGG,eds.Spinal Cord Injury: Clincal Outcomes From the Model Systems.Gaithersburg, MD:\n\t\t\t\t\tAspen;\n\t\t\t\t\t1995:\n\t\t\t\t\t234\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t271."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b12","series-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","first-page":"441","article-title":"Direct health care costs after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"59","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dryden\n              DM,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Direct health care costs after traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Trauma Acute Care Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t59:\n\t\t\t\t\t441\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t447."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b13","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"S87","article-title":"Rehospitalization in the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury after discharge from medical rehabilitation","volume":"94","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeJong\n              G,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Rehospitalization in the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury after discharge from medical rehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t94:\n\t\t\t\t\tS87\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t97."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b14","series-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol","first-page":"157","article-title":"Urological situation five years after spinal cord injury","volume":"33","year":"1999","unstructured":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Nielans\n              HM,\n            \n            \n              D\u00f8rflinger\n              T,\n            \n            \n              S\u00f8rensen\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Urological situation five years after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tScand J Urol Nephrol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t161."},{"issue":"Suppl 1A","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b15","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"67s","article-title":"Pathogenesis of bacteriuria and infection in the spinal cord injured patient","volume":"113","year":"2002","unstructured":"Siroky\n              MB.\n            \n          \n          Pathogenesis of bacteriuria and infection in the spinal cord injured patient.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t113(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1A):\n\t\t\t\t\t67s\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t79s."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b16","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"558","article-title":"Residual urine volume: Correlate of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"62","year":"1981","unstructured":"Merritt\n              JL.\n            \n          \n          Residual urine volume: Correlate of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1981;\n\t\t\t\t\t62:\n\t\t\t\t\t558\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t561."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b17","series-title":"Ann Rehabil Med","first-page":"248","article-title":"The relation between postvoid residual and occurrence of urinary tract infection after stroke in rehabilitation unit","volume":"36","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim\n              BR,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The relation between postvoid residual and occurrence of urinary tract infection after stroke in rehabilitation unit.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Rehabil Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t36:\n\t\t\t\t\t248\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t253."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b18","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"272","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"76","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cardenas\n              DD,\n            \n            \n              Hooton\n              TM.\n            \n          \n          Urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t272\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t280."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b19","series-title":"Paraplegia","first-page":"320","article-title":"The morbidity due to lower urinary tract function in spinal cord injury patients","volume":"31","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van Kerrebroeck\n              PE,\n            \n            \n              Koldewijn\n              EL,\n            \n            \n              Scherpenhuizen\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Debruyne\n              FM.\n            \n          \n          The morbidity due to lower urinary tract function in spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tParaplegia.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t31:\n\t\t\t\t\t320\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t329."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b20","series-title":"IBM Marketscan Research Databases for life sciences researchers","year":"2020","unstructured":"IBM Marketscan Research Databases for life sciences researchers\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIBM Watson Health;\n\t\t\t\t\t2020. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/marketscan-research-databases\/databases"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b21","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"S50","article-title":"International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury","volume":"26","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marino\n              RJ,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t26(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl):\n\t\t\t\t\tS50\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t56."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b22","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"346","article-title":"2009 review and revisions of the international standards for the neurological classification of spinal cord injury","volume":"33","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waring\n              WP\n              3rd,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2009 review and revisions of the international standards for the neurological classification of spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t346\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t352."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b23","series-title":"Med Care","first-page":"8","article-title":"Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data","volume":"36","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elixhauser\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Steiner\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Harris\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Coffey\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t36,\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t27."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b24","series-title":"Med Care","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quan\n              H,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Care.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1130\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1139."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b25","series-title":"Multivariate Behav Res","first-page":"399","article-title":"An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies","volume":"46","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin\n              PC.\n            \n          \n          An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tMultivariate Behav Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t46:\n\t\t\t\t\t399\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t424)."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b26","series-title":"Stat Med","first-page":"3661","article-title":"Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies","volume":"34","year":"2015","unstructured":"Austin\n              PC,\n            \n            \n              Stuart\n              EA.\n            \n          \n          Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tStat Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t3661\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3679."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b27","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"625","article-title":"Behind the numbers: Inverse probability weighting","volume":"271","year":"2014","unstructured":"Halpern\n              EF.\n            \n          \n          Behind the numbers: Inverse probability weighting.\n\t\t\t\t\tRadiology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t271:\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t628."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b28","series-title":"Clin Kidney J","first-page":"14","article-title":"An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research","volume":"15","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chesnaye\n              NC,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Kidney J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t14\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b29","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"704","article-title":"Rehospitalization and spinal cord injury: Cross-sectional survey of adults living independently","volume":"66","year":"1985","unstructured":"Meyers\n              AR,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Rehospitalization and spinal cord injury: Cross-sectional survey of adults living independently.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1985;\n\t\t\t\t\t66:\n\t\t\t\t\t704\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t708."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b30","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"282","article-title":"Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA\/CUA\/SUFU guideline","volume":"202","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anger\n              J,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA\/CUA\/SUFU guideline.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t202:\n\t\t\t\t\t282\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t289."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b31","series-title":"Can J Urol","first-page":"4065","article-title":"Intermittent catheterization practices following spinal cord injury: A national survey","volume":"15","year":"2008","unstructured":"Woodbury\n              MG,\n            \n            \n              Hayes\n              KC,\n            \n            \n              Askes\n              HK.\n            \n          \n          Intermittent catheterization practices following spinal cord injury: A national survey.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t4065\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4071."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b32","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"258","article-title":"Systematic review of risk factors for urinary tract infection in adults with spinal cord dysfunction","volume":"22","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shekelle\n              PG,\n            \n            \n              Morton\n              SC,\n            \n            \n              Clark\n              KA,\n            \n            \n              Pathak\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Vickrey\n              BG.\n            \n          \n          Systematic review of risk factors for urinary tract infection in adults with spinal cord dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t22:\n\t\t\t\t\t258\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b33","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"337","article-title":"A comparison of women and men with spinal cord injury","volume":"36","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shackelford\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Farley\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Vines\n              CL.\n            \n          \n          A comparison of women and men with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t36:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t339."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b34","series-title":"J Clin Nurs","first-page":"2068","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infections in hospitalised patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"30","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim\n              Y,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infections in hospitalised patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Nurs.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t2068\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2078."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b35","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"69","article-title":"Retrospective study for risk factors for febrile UTI in spinal cord injury patients with routine concomitant intermittent catheterization in outpatient settings","volume":"54","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mukai\n              S,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Retrospective study for risk factors for febrile UTI in spinal cord injury patients with routine concomitant intermittent catheterization in outpatient settings.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t54:\n\t\t\t\t\t69\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t72."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b36","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"682","article-title":"Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"54","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krebs\n              J,\n            \n            \n              W\u00f6llner\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Pannek\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Risk factors for symptomatic urinary tract infections in individuals with chronic neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t54:\n\t\t\t\t\t682\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t686."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b37","series-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol","first-page":"e8905","article-title":"The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients","volume":"7","year":"2014","unstructured":"Togan\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Azap\n              OK,\n            \n            \n              Durukan\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Arslan\n              H.\n            \n          \n          The prevalence, etiologic agents and risk factors for urinary tract infection among spinal cord injury patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJundishapur J Microbiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\te8905."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b38","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"691","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection following spinal cord injury","volume":"74","year":"1993","unstructured":"Waites\n              KB,\n            \n            \n              Canupp\n              KC,\n            \n            \n              DeVivo\n              MJ.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1993;\n\t\t\t\t\t74:\n\t\t\t\t\t691\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t695."},{"issue":"Suppl 1A","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b39","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"5s","article-title":"Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: Incidence, morbidity, and economic costs","volume":"113","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foxman\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: Incidence, morbidity, and economic costs.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t113(\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1A):\n\t\t\t\t\t5s\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t13s."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b40","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"213","article-title":"Risk factors associated with recurrent urinary tract infection in neurogenic bladders managed by clean intermittent catheterization","volume":"102","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhry\n              R,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Risk factors associated with recurrent urinary tract infection in neurogenic bladders managed by clean intermittent catheterization.\n\t\t\t\t\tUrology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t102:\n\t\t\t\t\t213\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t218."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b41","series-title":"J Neurosurg Sci","first-page":"265","article-title":"Readmission after spinal cord injury: Analysis of an institutional cohort of 795 patients","volume":"62","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yarbrough\n              CK,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Readmission after spinal cord injury: Analysis of an institutional cohort of 795 patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Neurosurg Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t62:\n\t\t\t\t\t265\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t270."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b42","series-title":"PM R","first-page":"412","article-title":"Disparities in wheelchair procurement by payer among people with spinal cord injury","volume":"6","year":"2014","unstructured":"Groah\n              SL,\n            \n            \n              Ljungberg\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Lichy\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Oyster\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Boninger\n              ML.\n            \n          \n          Disparities in wheelchair procurement by payer among people with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tPM R.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t412\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t417."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b43","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"106","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury in West Virginia: Disparities by insurance and discharge disposition from an acute care hospital","volume":"43","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sedney\n              CL,\n            \n            \n              Khan\n              U,\n            \n            \n              Dekeseredy\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Traumatic spinal cord injury in West Virginia: Disparities by insurance and discharge disposition from an acute care hospital.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t43:\n\t\t\t\t\t106\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t110."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b44","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"213","article-title":"The role of health insurance in patient reported satisfaction with bladder management in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to spinal cord injury","volume":"205","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rude\n              T,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The role of health insurance in patient reported satisfaction with bladder management in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t205:\n\t\t\t\t\t213\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t218."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b45","series-title":"Biology","first-page":"928","article-title":"Peripheral immune dysfunction: A problem of central importance after spinal cord injury","volume":"10","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeffries\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Tom\n              VJ.\n            \n          \n          Peripheral immune dysfunction: A problem of central importance after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t928."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b46","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"113143","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"325","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bloom\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Herman\n              PE,\n            \n            \n              Spungen\n              AM.\n            \n          \n          Systemic inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tExp Neurol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t325:\n\t\t\t\t\t113143."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b47","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"692","article-title":"Spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome enhances infection susceptibility dependent on lesion level","volume":"139","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brommer\n              B,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome enhances infection susceptibility dependent on lesion level.\n\t\t\t\t\tBrain.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t139:\n\t\t\t\t\t692\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t707."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b48","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"20","article-title":"C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in individuals with spinal cord injury","volume":"28","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee\n              MY,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          C-reactive protein, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t20\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t25."},{"issue":"Suppl 1A","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b49","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"80s","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes","volume":"113","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stapleton,\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t113 (\n\t\t\t\t\tSuppl 1A):\n\t\t\t\t\t80s\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t84s."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b50","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"164","year":"2000","unstructured":"Esclar\u00edn De Ruz\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Garc\u00eda Leoni\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Herruzo Cabrera\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t164:\n\t\t\t\t\t1285\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1289."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b51","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"780","article-title":"Management of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injuries","volume":"9","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Leoni\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Esclar\u00edn De Ruz\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Management of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Microbiol Infect.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t9:\n\t\t\t\t\t780\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t785."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b52","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"200","article-title":"Complications and urologic risks of neurogenic bladder in veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"53","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rabadi\n              MH,\n            \n            \n              Aston\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Complications and urologic risks of neurogenic bladder in veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t53:\n\t\t\t\t\t200\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t203."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b53","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center,\n          \n          \n            Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tBirmingham, AL:\n\t\t\t\t\tAuthor;\n\t\t\t\t\t2018."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b54","series-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl","first-page":"210","article-title":"The surgical risk of suprapubic catheter insertion and long-term sequelae","volume":"88","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahluwalia\n              RS,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          The surgical risk of suprapubic catheter insertion and long-term sequelae.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn R Coll Surg Engl.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t88:\n\t\t\t\t\t210\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t213."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b55","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"625","article-title":"diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hooton\n              TM,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t50:\n\t\t\t\t\t625\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t663."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b56","series-title":"World J Urol","first-page":"13","article-title":"The role of biofilm infection in urology","volume":"24","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tenke\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Kovacs\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Jackel\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Nagy\n              E.\n            \n          \n          The role of biofilm infection in urology.\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld J Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t13\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b57","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"575","article-title":"Long-term bladder and bowel management after spinal cord injury: A 20-year longitudinal study","volume":"56","year":"2018","unstructured":"Savic\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Frankel\n              HL,\n            \n            \n              Jamous\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Soni\n              BM,\n            \n            \n              Charlifue\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Long-term bladder and bowel management after spinal cord injury: A 20-year longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t56:\n\t\t\t\t\t575\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t581."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b58","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1614","article-title":"Genitourinary complications are a leading and expensive cause of emergency department and inpatient encounters for persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"100","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skelton\n              F,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Genitourinary complications are a leading and expensive cause of emergency department and inpatient encounters for persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t100:\n\t\t\t\t\t1614\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1621."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b59","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1013","article-title":"A Systematic review of the effects of community transition programs on quality of life and hospital readmissions for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"103","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tschoepe\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Benfield\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Posey\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Mercer\n              V.\n            \n          \n          A Systematic review of the effects of community transition programs on quality of life and hospital readmissions for adults with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;\n\t\t\t\t\t103(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t1013\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1022.e12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.08.002"},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-108-b60","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"677","article-title":"Models of care delivery from rehabilitation to community for spinal cord injury: A scoping review","volume":"38","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ho\n              C,\n            \n            .\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Models of care delivery from rehabilitation to community for spinal cord injury: A scoping review.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Neurotrauma.\n\t\t\t\t\t2021;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t677\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t697."}],"container-title":["Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/tscr\/29\/1\/article-p108.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/tscir\/article-pdf\/29\/1\/108\/3300222\/i1945-5763-29-1-108.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tscr\/29\/1\/article-p108.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tscr\/29\/1\/article-p108.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:50:53Z","timestamp":1775145053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/tscr\/29\/1\/article-p108.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46292\/sci22-00022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-0744","1945-5763"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-0744","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-5763","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}