{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:55:25Z","timestamp":1793836525363,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Individuals with traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) have lower subjective well-being and diminished longevity, yet there is a lack of research on how life satisfaction and changes in life satisfaction relate to longevity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To identify the relationships between survival status and life satisfaction and its changing trend over a 10-year period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Data were taken from the SCI Longitudinal Aging Study. A cohort study of 676 adult participants with SCI completed three assessments separated by 5-year intervals. We applied the survival analyses by using person-year logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n There were 135 participants (20%) who were deceased by the end of 2019. After controlling for demographic and injury factors, life satisfaction was significantly related to survival. In the final model, having an upward trend of life satisfaction was significantly associated with lower odds of mortality, whereas a downward trend in life satisfaction was not significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Our findings demonstrate the importance of current life satisfaction and having a trend toward improving satisfaction to survival. The findings indicated the importance of psychosocial adaptation to life quality and longevity after SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci22-00090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T17:36:28Z","timestamp":1676482588000},"page":"33-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Life Satisfaction Trend and Mortality After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"DiPiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"80","year":"1999","unstructured":"DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Lammertse\n DP.\n \n \n Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t80(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1411\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1419."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b2","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord 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Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1764","article-title":"Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Devivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Jackson\n AB.\n \n \n Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1764\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1773."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b28","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1482","article-title":"A prospective study of health and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"89","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Carter\n RE,\n \n \n Pickelsimer\n EE,\n \n \n Wilson\n D.\n \n \n A prospective study of health and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med 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Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t92(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t339\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t345."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b33","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"667","article-title":"Psychological factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"43","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Cao\n Y,\n \n \n DiPiro\n N.\n \n \n Psychological factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t667\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t675."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b34","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"628","article-title":"Psychologic factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"90","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Carter\n R,\n \n \n Zhai\n Y,\n \n \n Reed\n K.\n \n \n Psychologic factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t90(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t628\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t633."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b35","series-title":"J Pers Assess","first-page":"71","article-title":"The Satisfaction With Life Scale","volume":"49","year":"1985","unstructured":"Diener\n E,\n \n \n Emmons\n RA,\n \n \n Larsen\n RJ,\n \n \n Griffin\n S.\n \n \n The Satisfaction With Life Scale.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pers Assess.\n\t\t\t\t\t1985;\n\t\t\t\t\t49(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t71\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t75."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b36","series-title":"Psychol Bull","first-page":"542","article-title":"Subjective well-being","volume":"95","year":"1984","unstructured":"Diener\n E.\n \n \n Subjective well-being.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychol Bull.\n\t\t\t\t\t1984;\n\t\t\t\t\t95(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t542\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t575."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b37","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"382","article-title":"Psychosocial issues in spinal cord injury: A review","volume":"50","year":"2012","unstructured":"Post\n MW,\n \n \n van Leeuwen\n CM.\n \n \n Psychosocial issues in spinal cord injury: A review.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t382\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t389."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b38","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"509","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and quality of life measures: A review of instrument psychometric quality","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hallin\n P,\n \n \n Sullivan\n M,\n \n \n Kreuter\n M.\n \n \n Spinal cord injury and quality of life measures: A review of instrument psychometric quality.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t509\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t523."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b39","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1706","article-title":"Trajectories of life satisfaction after spinal cord injury","volume":"97","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pretz\n CR,\n \n \n Kozlowski\n AJ,\n \n \n Chen\n Y,\n \n \n Charlifue\n S,\n \n \n Heinemann\n AW.\n \n \n Trajectories of life satisfaction after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t97(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1706\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1713 e1701."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b40","series-title":"Rehabil Psychol","first-page":"205","article-title":"Prediction of long-term survival of persons with spinal cord injury: An 11 year prospective study","volume":"32","year":"1987","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Crewe\n NM.\n \n \n Prediction of long-term survival of persons with spinal cord injury: An 11 year prospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tRehabil Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t32:\n\t\t\t\t\t205\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t213."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b41","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"349","article-title":"A 25-year longitudinal study of the natural course of aging after spinal cord injury","volume":"43","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Broderick\n L.\n \n \n A 25-year longitudinal study of the natural course of aging after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t349\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t356."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b42","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"371","article-title":"Aging after spinal cord injury: A 30-year longitudinal study","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Coker\n JL.\n \n \n Aging after spinal cord injury: A 30-year longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t371\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t376."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b43","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"189","article-title":"SCI Longitudinal Aging Study: 40 years of research","volume":"21","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Clark\n JM,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n SCI Longitudinal Aging Study: 40 years of research.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t189\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t200."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b44","series-title":"Rehabil Psychol","first-page":"343","article-title":"Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: Measure-ment of underlying dimensions","volume":"54","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Reed\n KS.\n \n \n Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: Measure-ment of underlying dimensions.\n\t\t\t\t\tRehabil Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t54(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t343\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t350."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b45","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"900","article-title":"Dimensions of subjective well-being after spinal cord injury: An empirical analysis by gender and race\/ethnicity","volume":"79","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Dimensions of subjective well-being after spinal cord injury: An empirical analysis by gender and race\/ethnicity.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t79(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t900\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t909."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b46","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"34","article-title":"Aging, life satisfaction, and self-reported problems among participants with spinal cord injury","volume":"15","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Aging, life satisfaction, and self-reported problems among participants with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b47","series-title":"Survival Analysis Using the SAS system: A Practical Guide.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allison\n PD.\n \n \n \n Survival Analysis Using the SAS system: A Practical Guide.\n \n Cary, NC:\n\t\t\t\t\tSAS Institute;\n\t\t\t\t\t2010."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b48","series-title":"J Insur Med","first-page":"217","article-title":"An analytic method for longitudinal mortality studies","volume":"32","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strauss\n D,\n \n \n Shavelle\n R,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Day\n S.\n \n \n An analytic method for longitudinal mortality studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Insur Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t217\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t225."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b49","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"680","article-title":"Changes in psychotropic prescription medication use and their relationship with mortality among people with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"56","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao\n Y,\n \n \n Clark\n JMR,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Changes in psychotropic prescription medication use and their relationship with mortality among people with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t680\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t686."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"80","year":"1999","unstructured":"DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Lammertse\n DP.\n \n \n Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t80(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1411\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1419."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b2","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury","volume":"87","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strauss\n DJ,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Paculdo\n DR,\n \n \n Shavelle\n RM.\n \n \n Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t87(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1079\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1085."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b3","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"803","article-title":"Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: A 50-year study","volume":"50","year":"2012","unstructured":"Middleton\n JW,\n \n \n Dayton\n A,\n \n \n Walsh\n J,\n \n \n Rutkowski\n SB,\n \n \n Leong\n G,\n \n \n Duong\n S.\n \n \n Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: A 50-year study.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t803\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t811."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b4","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems 2020 Annual Report - Complete Public Version.","year":"2020","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center.\n \n \n Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems 2020 Annual Report - Complete Public Version.\n \n Birmingham, AL:\n\t\t\t\t\tNational Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center;\n\t\t\t\t\t2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b5","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"645","article-title":"Improvements in long-term survival after spinal cord injury?","volume":"96","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shavelle\n RM,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Brooks\n JC,\n \n \n Strauss\n DJ,\n \n \n Paculdo\n DR.\n \n \n Improvements in long-term survival after spinal cord injury?\n \n Arch Phys Med Rehabil.\n \n 2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t96(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t645\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t651."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b6","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"815","article-title":"Mortality after spinal cord injury: An 11-year prospective study","volume":"78","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Sternberg\n M,\n \n \n Lottes\n S,\n \n \n Maides\n J.\n \n \n Mortality after spinal cord injury: An 11-year prospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t815\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t821."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b7","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1708","article-title":"Risk of mortality after spinal cord injury: An 8-year prospective study","volume":"90","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Zhai\n Y,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL,\n \n \n Carter\n RE.\n \n \n Risk of mortality after spinal cord injury: An 8-year prospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t90(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1708\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1715."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b8","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.","first-page":"113","article-title":"Do risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury parallel those from the general USA population?","volume":"18","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n Do risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury parallel those from the general USA population?\n \n Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n \n 2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t18(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t113\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t117."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b9","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"281","article-title":"Stability of predictors of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"50","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL,\n \n \n Zhai\n Y.\n \n \n Stability of predictors of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t281\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t284."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b10","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"413","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury in the USA","volume":"51","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao\n Y,\n \n \n Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Dipiro\n N.\n \n \n Risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury in the USA.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t51(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t413\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t418."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b11","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"15","article-title":"Theoretical risk and prevention model for secondary health conditions and mortality after SCI: 15 years of research","volume":"19","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL,\n \n \n DiPiro\n ND,\n \n \n Reed\n KS.\n \n \n Theoretical risk and prevention model for secondary health conditions and mortality after SCI: 15 years of research.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t19(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t15\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t24."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b12","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1669","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for cause-specific mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"97","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Cao\n Y,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n DiPiro\n ND.\n \n \n Risk and protective factors for cause-specific mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t97(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1669\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1678."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b13","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"226","article-title":"Life expectancy of ventilator-dependent persons with spinal cord injuries","volume":"108","year":"1995","unstructured":"DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Ivie\n CS,\n 3rd.\n \n \n Life expectancy of ventilator-dependent persons with spinal cord injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tChest.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t108(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t226\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b14","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"872","article-title":"Seven year survival following spinal cord injury","volume":"44","year":"1987","unstructured":"DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Kartus\n PL,\n \n \n Stover\n SL,\n \n \n Rutt\n RD,\n \n \n Fine\n PR.\n \n \n Seven year survival following spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Neurol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t44:\n\t\t\t\t\t872\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t875."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b15","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"156","article-title":"Prognostic factors for 12-year survival after spinal cord injury","volume":"73","year":"1992","unstructured":"DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Stover\n SL,\n \n \n Black\n KJ.\n \n \n Prognostic factors for 12-year survival after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t73(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t156\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t162."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b16","series-title":"Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems.","first-page":"289","article-title":"Long term survival and causes of death","year":"1995","unstructured":"DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Stover\n SL.\n \n \n Long term survival and causes of death.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:StoverSL,DeLisaJA,WhiteneckGG,eds.Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems.Gaithersburg, MD:\n\t\t\t\t\tAspen;\n\t\t\t\t\t1995:\n\t\t\t\t\t289\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t316."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b17","series-title":"J Insur Med","first-page":"11","article-title":"Long-term mortality risk after spinal cord injury","volume":"32","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strauss\n D,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Shavelle\n R.\n \n \n Long-term mortality risk after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Insur Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t32:\n\t\t\t\t\t11\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t16."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b18","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1764","article-title":"Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Jackson\n AB.\n \n \n Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1764\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1773."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b19","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"511","article-title":"Long-term survival of persons ventilator dependent after spinal cord injury","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shavelle\n RM,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Strauss\n DJ,\n \n \n Paculdo\n DR,\n \n \n Lammertse\n DP,\n \n \n Day\n SM.\n \n \n Long-term survival of persons ventilator dependent after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t511\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t519."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b20","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"920","article-title":"Differential survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: Evidence from a multi-center longitudinal cohort study in Switzerland","volume":"56","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chamberlain\n JD,\n \n \n Gmunder\n HP,\n \n \n Hug\n K,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tDifferential survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: Evidence from a multi-center longitudinal cohort study in Switzerland.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t920\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t930."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b21","series-title":"Neuroepidemiology","first-page":"182","article-title":"Mortality and longevity after a spinal cord injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chamberlain\n JD,\n \n \n Meier\n S,\n \n \n Mader\n L,\n \n \n von Groote\n PM,\n \n \n Brinkhof\n MW.\n \n \n Mortality and longevity after a spinal cord injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tNeuroepidemiology.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t182\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t198."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b22","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med.","first-page":"1","article-title":"The association between the etiology of a spinal cord injury and time to mortality in the United States: A 44-year investigation","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGrath\n R,\n \n \n Hall\n O,\n \n \n Peterson\n M,\n \n \n DeVivo\n M,\n \n \n Heinemann\n A,\n \n \n Kalpakjian\n C.\n \n \n The association between the etiology of a spinal cord injury and time to mortality in the United States: A 44-year investigation.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b23","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"95","article-title":"Behavioral risk factors of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"90","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Carter\n RE,\n \n \n Pickelsimer\n E.\n \n \n Behavioral risk factors of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t90(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t95\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t101."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b24","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"53","article-title":"Risk of mortality and life expectancy after spinal cord injury: The role of health behaviors and participation","volume":"16","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n Risk of mortality and life expectancy after spinal cord injury: The role of health behaviors and participation.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t16(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b25","series-title":"Spinal Cord.","first-page":"609","article-title":"Socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors for mortality: Do risk factors observed after spinal cord injury parallel those from the general USA population?","volume":"50","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n Socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors for mortality: Do risk factors observed after spinal cord injury parallel those from the general USA population?\n \n Spinal Cord.\n \n 2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t609\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t613."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b26","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"933","article-title":"A prospective study of health behaviors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"57","year":"2019","unstructured":"DiPiro\n ND,\n \n \n Cao\n Y,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n A prospective study of health behaviors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t57(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t933\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t941."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b27","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1764","article-title":"Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"85","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Devivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Jackson\n AB.\n \n \n Health status, community integration, and economic risk factors for mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t85(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1764\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1773."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b28","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1482","article-title":"A prospective study of health and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"89","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Carter\n RE,\n \n \n Pickelsimer\n EE,\n \n \n Wilson\n D.\n \n \n A prospective study of health and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t89(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t1482\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1491."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b29","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1770","article-title":"Health, secondary conditions, and life expectancy after spinal cord injury","volume":"92","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n Health, secondary conditions, and life expectancy after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t92(\n\t\t\t\t\t11):\n\t\t\t\t\t1770\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1775."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b30","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"594","article-title":"Health factors and spinal cord injury: A prospective study of risk of cause-specific mortality","volume":"57","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao\n Y,\n \n \n DiPiro\n N,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Health factors and spinal cord injury: A prospective study of risk of cause-specific mortality.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t57(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t594\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t602."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b31","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"592","article-title":"Risk of mortality after spinal cord injury: Relationship with social support, education, and income","volume":"47","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Carter\n RE.\n \n \n Risk of mortality after spinal cord injury: Relationship with social support, education, and income.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t47(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t592\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t596."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b32","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"339","article-title":"Income and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"92","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ.\n \n \n Income and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t92(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t339\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t345."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b33","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"667","article-title":"Psychological factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"43","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Cao\n Y,\n \n \n DiPiro\n N.\n \n \n Psychological factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t667\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t675."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b34","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"628","article-title":"Psychologic factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury","volume":"90","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Carter\n R,\n \n \n Zhai\n Y,\n \n \n Reed\n K.\n \n \n Psychologic factors and risk of mortality after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t90(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t628\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t633."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b35","series-title":"J Pers Assess","first-page":"71","article-title":"The Satisfaction With Life Scale","volume":"49","year":"1985","unstructured":"Diener\n E,\n \n \n Emmons\n RA,\n \n \n Larsen\n RJ,\n \n \n Griffin\n S.\n \n \n The Satisfaction With Life Scale.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Pers Assess.\n\t\t\t\t\t1985;\n\t\t\t\t\t49(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t71\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t75."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b36","series-title":"Psychol Bull","first-page":"542","article-title":"Subjective well-being","volume":"95","year":"1984","unstructured":"Diener\n E.\n \n \n Subjective well-being.\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychol Bull.\n\t\t\t\t\t1984;\n\t\t\t\t\t95(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t542\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t575."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b37","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"382","article-title":"Psychosocial issues in spinal cord injury: A review","volume":"50","year":"2012","unstructured":"Post\n MW,\n \n \n van Leeuwen\n CM.\n \n \n Psychosocial issues in spinal cord injury: A review.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t382\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t389."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b38","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"509","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and quality of life measures: A review of instrument psychometric quality","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hallin\n P,\n \n \n Sullivan\n M,\n \n \n Kreuter\n M.\n \n \n Spinal cord injury and quality of life measures: A review of instrument psychometric quality.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t509\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t523."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b39","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"1706","article-title":"Trajectories of life satisfaction after spinal cord injury","volume":"97","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pretz\n CR,\n \n \n Kozlowski\n AJ,\n \n \n Chen\n Y,\n \n \n Charlifue\n S,\n \n \n Heinemann\n AW.\n \n \n Trajectories of life satisfaction after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t97(\n\t\t\t\t\t10):\n\t\t\t\t\t1706\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1713 e1701."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b40","series-title":"Rehabil Psychol","first-page":"205","article-title":"Prediction of long-term survival of persons with spinal cord injury: An 11 year prospective study","volume":"32","year":"1987","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Crewe\n NM.\n \n \n Prediction of long-term survival of persons with spinal cord injury: An 11 year prospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tRehabil Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t32:\n\t\t\t\t\t205\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t213."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b41","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"349","article-title":"A 25-year longitudinal study of the natural course of aging after spinal cord injury","volume":"43","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Broderick\n L.\n \n \n A 25-year longitudinal study of the natural course of aging after spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t349\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t356."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b42","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"371","article-title":"Aging after spinal cord injury: A 30-year longitudinal study","volume":"29","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Coker\n JL.\n \n \n Aging after spinal cord injury: A 30-year longitudinal study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t371\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t376."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b43","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"189","article-title":"SCI Longitudinal Aging Study: 40 years of research","volume":"21","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Clark\n JM,\n \n \n Saunders\n LL.\n \n \n SCI Longitudinal Aging Study: 40 years of research.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t21(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t189\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t200."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b44","series-title":"Rehabil Psychol","first-page":"343","article-title":"Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: Measure-ment of underlying dimensions","volume":"54","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krause\n JS,\n \n \n Reed\n KS.\n \n \n Life satisfaction and self-reported problems after spinal cord injury: Measure-ment of underlying dimensions.\n\t\t\t\t\tRehabil Psychol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t54(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t343\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t350."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b45","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"900","article-title":"Dimensions of subjective well-being after spinal cord injury: An empirical analysis by gender and race\/ethnicity","volume":"79","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Dimensions of subjective well-being after spinal cord injury: An empirical analysis by gender and race\/ethnicity.\n\t\t\t\t\tArch Phys Med Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t79(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t900\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t909."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b46","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"34","article-title":"Aging, life satisfaction, and self-reported problems among participants with spinal cord injury","volume":"15","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Aging, life satisfaction, and self-reported problems among participants with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tTop Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b47","series-title":"Survival Analysis Using the SAS system: A Practical Guide.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allison\n PD.\n \n \n \n Survival Analysis Using the SAS system: A Practical Guide.\n \n Cary, NC:\n\t\t\t\t\tSAS Institute;\n\t\t\t\t\t2010."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b48","series-title":"J Insur Med","first-page":"217","article-title":"An analytic method for longitudinal mortality studies","volume":"32","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strauss\n D,\n \n \n Shavelle\n R,\n \n \n DeVivo\n MJ,\n \n \n Day\n S.\n \n \n An analytic method for longitudinal mortality studies.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Insur Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t217\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t225."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-33-b49","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"680","article-title":"Changes in psychotropic prescription medication use and their relationship with mortality among people with traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"56","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao\n Y,\n \n \n Clark\n JMR,\n \n \n Krause\n JS.\n \n \n Changes in psychotropic prescription medication use and their relationship with mortality among people with traumatic spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t7):\n\t\t\t\t\t680\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t686."}],"container-title":["Topics in Spinal Cord Injury 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