{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:35:59Z","timestamp":1789137359162,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the association between dipstick results and urinary symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective 12-month observational study of real-time self-administered urine dipstick results and symptoms in a community setting that included 52 spinal cord injury\/disease (SCI\/D) participants with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) who use an indwelling catheter. Symptoms were collected using the Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder\u2013Indwelling Catheter (USQNB-IDC). The USQNB-IDC includes actionable (A), bladder (B1), urine quality (B2), and other (C) symptoms; analyses focused on A, B1, and B2 symptoms. Dipstick results include nitrite (NIT +\/\u2212), and leukocyte esterase (LE; negative, trace, small, moderate, or large). Dipstick outcomes were defined as strong positive (LE = moderate\/large and NIT+), inflammation positive (LE = moderate\/large and NIT\u2212), negative (LE = negative\/trace and NIT\u2212), and indeterminate (all others).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nitrite positive dipsticks and moderate or large LE positive dipsticks were each observed in over 50% of the sample in every week. Strong positive dipstick results were observed in 35% to 60% of participants in every week. A, B1, or B2 symptoms co-occurred less than 50% of the time with strong positive dipsticks, but they also co-occurred with negative dipsticks. Participants were asymptomatic with a strong positive dipstick an average of 30.2% of the weeks. On average, 73% of the time a person had a negative dipstick, they also had no key symptoms (95% CI, .597-.865).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No association was observed between A, B1, and B2 symptoms and positive dipstick. A negative dipstick with the absence of key symptoms may better support clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci22-00095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T17:36:29Z","timestamp":1676482589000},"page":"82-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Urinary Symptoms Are Unrelated to Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite Among Indwelling Catheter Users"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0238-4629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda K.","family":"Rounds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland"},{"name":"MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1121-2119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rochelle E.","family":"Tractenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and Metrics, Silver Spring, Maryland"},{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1213-1959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Groah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC"},{"name":"MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1121-9705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jamie K.","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and Metrics, Silver Spring, 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Microbiol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t50(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t1376\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1383.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1128\/JCM.05852-11"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-82-b9","series-title":"BMC Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-4-4","article-title":"The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. 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A meta-analysis of the accuracy.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t4(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t4.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1186\/1471-2490-4-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-82-b10","series-title":"Eur Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.028","article-title":"EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction","volume":"56","year":"2009","unstructured":"St\u00f6hrer\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Blok\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Castro-Diaz\n              D,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t56(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t81\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t88.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.04.028"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-82-b11","series-title":"J Am Paraplegia 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July 10, 2018."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-82-b16","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-021-00665-x","article-title":"Reliability of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaires for people with neurogenic bladder (USQNB) who void or use indwelling catheters","unstructured":"Tractenberg\n              RE,\n            \n            \n              Frost\n              JK,\n            \n            \n              Yumoto\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Rounds\n              AK,\n            \n            \n              Ljungberg\n              IH,\n            \n            \n              Groah\n              SL.\n            \n          \n          Reliability of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaires for people with neurogenic bladder (USQNB) who void or use indwelling catheters.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\tPublished online August 4, 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R.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t229\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t240.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1002\/pmrj.12479"},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-1-82-b15","series-title":"PLoS ONE","article-title":"Preliminary validation of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for individuals with neuropathic bladder using intermittent catheterization (USQNB-IC): A patient-centered patient reported outcome","unstructured":"Tractenberg\n              RE,\n            \n            \n              Groah\n              SL,\n            \n            \n              Rounds\n              AK,\n            \n            \n              Ljungberg\n              IH,\n            \n            \n              Schladen\n              MM.\n            \n          \n          Preliminary validation of the Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for individuals with neuropathic bladder using intermittent catheterization (USQNB-IC): A patient-centered patient reported outcome.\n\t\t\t\t\tPLoS ONE.\n\t\t\t\t\tPublished online 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One.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\te0244870.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0244870"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-82-b19","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.10.020","article-title":"Systematic Review of Urological Followup After Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"187","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cameron\n              AP,\n            \n            \n              Rodriguez\n              GM,\n            \n            \n              Schomer\n              KG.\n            \n          \n          Systematic Review of Urological Followup After Spinal Cord Injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Urol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t187(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t391\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t397.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:10.1016\/j.juro.2011.10.020"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-5763-29-1-82-b20","series-title":"J Fam Med Prim 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