{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:49:52Z","timestamp":1790088592606,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"Supplement","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Despite the positive results in upper limb (UL) motor recovery after using electrical neuromodulation in individuals after cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) or stroke, there has been limited exploration of potential benefits of combining task-specific hand grip training with transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation (TSS) for individuals with UL paralysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n This study investigates the combinatorial effects of task-specific hand grip training and noninvasive TSS to enhance hand motor output after paralysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Four participants with cervical SCI classified as AIS A and B and two participants with cerebral stroke were recruited in this study. The effects of cervical TSS without grip training and during training with sham stimulation were contrasted with hand grip training with TSS. TSS was applied at midline over cervical spinal cord. During hand grip training, 5 to 10 seconds of voluntary contraction were repeated at a submaximum strength for approximately 10 minutes, three days per week for 4 weeks. Signals from hand grip dynamometer along with the electromyography (EMG) activity from UL muscles were recorded and displayed as visual feedback.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Our case study series demonstrated that combined task-specific hand grip training and cervical TSS targeting the motor pools of distal muscles in the UL resulted in significant improvements in maximum hand grip strength. However, TSS alone or hand grip training alone showed limited effectiveness in improving grip strength.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Task-specific hand grip training combined with TSS can result in restoration of hand motor function in paralyzed upper limbs in individuals with cervical SCI and stroke.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci23-00040s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T05:28:58Z","timestamp":1700026138000},"page":"15-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Combinatorial Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation and Task-Specific Training to Enhance Hand Motor Output after Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jeonghoon","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle S.","family":"Scheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"Mahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane T.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia K.","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitry G.","family":"Sayenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","article-title":"Health-related self-efficacy following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury","volume":"103","author":"Douglas\n M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Douglas\n M\n , OchoaC, McShanE, CallenderL, Froehlich-GrobeK, DriverS. Health-related self-efficacy following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2022;103(12)."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b2","series-title":"Circulation","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142023 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao\n CW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsao\n CW\n , AdayAW, AlmarzooqZI, et al.\n Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142023 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147(8)."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b3","series-title":"Nat Neurosci.","first-page":"924","article-title":"Epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical dorsal roots restores voluntary upper limb control in paralyzed monkeys","volume":"25","author":"Barra\n B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barra\n B\n , ContiS, PerichMG, et al.\n Epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical dorsal roots restores voluntary upper limb control in paralyzed monkeys. Nat Neurosci.2022;25(7):924-934."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b4","series-title":"Front. Neural Circuits.","first-page":"57","article-title":"Restoration of upper limb movement via artificial corticospinal and musculospinal connections in a monkey with spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Nishimura\n Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nishimura\n Y\n , PerlmutterSI, FetzEE. Restoration of upper limb movement via artificial corticospinal and musculospinal connections in a monkey with spinal cord injury. Front. Neural Circuits.2013;7:57."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b5","series-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.","first-page":"1272","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation promotes long-term recovery of upper extremity function in chronic tetraplegia","volume":"26","author":"Inanici\n F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inanici\n F\n , SamejimaS, GadP, EdgertonVR, HofstetterCP, MoritzCT. Transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation promotes long-term recovery of upper extremity function in chronic tetraplegia. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.2018;26(6):1272-1278."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b6","series-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.","first-page":"3167","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation improves upper extremity and hand function in people with complete tetraplegia: a case study","volume":"28","author":"Zhang\n F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang\n F\n , MomeniK, RamanujamA, et al.\n Cervical spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation improves upper extremity and hand function in people with complete tetraplegia: a case study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.2020;28(12):3167-3174."},{"issue":"15","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b7","series-title":"J Clin Med.","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord depends both on the stimulation intensity and the degree of voluntary activity for training. A pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Kumru\n H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumru\n H\n , Rodr\u00edguez-Ca\u00f1\u00f3nM, EdgertonVR, et al.\n Transcutaneous electrical neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord depends both on the stimulation intensity and the degree of voluntary activity for training. A pilot study. J Clin Med.2021;10(15):3278."},{"issue":"9781","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b8","series-title":"Lancet.","first-page":"1938","article-title":"Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: A case study","volume":"377","author":"Harkema\n S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harkema\n S\n , GerasimenkoY, HodesJ, et al.\n Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: A case study. Lancet.2011;377(9781):1938-1947."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b9","series-title":"Nat Med.","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia","volume":"24","author":"Gill\n ML","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gill\n ML\n , GrahnPJ, CalvertJS, et al.\n Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia. Nat Med.2018;24(11):1677-1682."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b10","series-title":"Nat Med.","first-page":"260","article-title":"Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis","volume":"28","author":"Rowald\n A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rowald\n A\n , KomiS, DemesmaekerR, et al.\n Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis. Nat Med.2022;28(2):260-271."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b11","series-title":"Nat Med.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord for post-stroke upper-limb paresis","author":"Powell\n MP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Powell\n MP\n , VermaN, SorensenE, et al.\n Epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord for post-stroke upper-limb paresis. Nat Med.2023:1-11."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b12","series-title":"J Clin Med.","first-page":"195","article-title":"Cervical electrical neuromodulation effectively enhances hand motor output in healthy subjects by engaging a use-dependent intervention","volume":"10","author":"Kumru\n H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumru\n H\n , Flores\u00c1, Rodr\u00edguez-Ca\u00f1\u00f3nM, et al.\n Cervical electrical neuromodulation effectively enhances hand motor output in healthy subjects by engaging a use-dependent intervention. J Clin Med.2021;10(2):195."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b13","series-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair.","first-page":"951","article-title":"Engaging cervical spinal cord networks to reenable volitional control of hand function in tetraplegic patients","volume":"30","author":"Lu\n DC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu\n DC\n , EdgertonVR, ModaberM, et al.\n Engaging cervical spinal cord networks to reenable volitional control of hand function in tetraplegic patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair.2016;30(10):951-962."},{"issue":"13","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b14","series-title":"J Neurosci.","first-page":"2633","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in humans with tetraplegia","volume":"40","author":"Benavides\n FD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benavides\n FD\n , JoHJ, LundellH, EdgertonVR, GerasimenkoY, PerezMA. Cortical and subcortical effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in humans with tetraplegia. J Neurosci.2020;40(13):2633-2643."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b15","series-title":"Sci Rep.","first-page":"15546","article-title":"Engaging cervical spinal circuitry with non-invasive spinal stimulation and buspirone to restore hand function in chronic motor complete patients","volume":"8","author":"Freyvert\n Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freyvert\n Y\n , YongNA, MorikawaE, et al.\n Engaging cervical spinal circuitry with non-invasive spinal stimulation and buspirone to restore hand function in chronic motor complete patients. Sci Rep.2018;8(1):15546."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b16","series-title":"J Neural Eng.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rehabilitation of hand function after spinal cord injury using a novel handgrip device: A pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Hoffman\n H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoffman\n H\n , SierroT, NiuT, et al.\n Rehabilitation of hand function after spinal cord injury using a novel handgrip device: A pilot study. J Neural Eng.2017;14(1):1-7."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b17","series-title":"PLoS One.","article-title":"Common neural structures activated by epidural and transcutaneous lumbar spinal cord stimulation: Elicitation of posterior root-muscle reflexes","volume":"13","author":"Hofstoetter\n US","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hofstoetter\n US\n , FreundlB, BinderH, MinassianK. Common neural structures activated by epidural and transcutaneous lumbar spinal cord stimulation: Elicitation of posterior root-muscle reflexes. PLoS One.2018;13(1):e0192013."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b18","series-title":"Cent Nerv Syst Trauma.","first-page":"129","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations","volume":"3","author":"Dimitrijevic\n M","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dimitrijevic\n M\n , DimitrijevicM, IllisL, NakajimaK, SharkeyP, SherwoodA. Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations. Cent Nerv Syst Trauma.1986;3(2):129-143."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b19","series-title":"Neuromodulation.","first-page":"580","article-title":"Noninvasive spinal cord stimulation: Technical aspects and therapeutic applications","volume":"18","author":"Nardone\n R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nardone\n R\n , H\u00f6llerY, TaylorA, et al.\n Noninvasive spinal cord stimulation: Technical aspects and therapeutic applications. Neuromodulation.2015;18(7):580-591."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b20","series-title":"Trends Neurosci.","article-title":"Poststroke arm and hand paresis: Should we target the cervical spinal cord?","author":"Pirondini\n E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pirondini\n E\n , CarranzaE, BalaguerJ-M, et al.\n Poststroke arm and hand paresis: Should we target the cervical spinal cord?\n Trends Neurosci.\n 2022."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","article-title":"Health-related self-efficacy following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury","volume":"103","author":"Douglas\n M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Douglas\n M\n , OchoaC, McShanE, CallenderL, Froehlich-GrobeK, DriverS. Health-related self-efficacy following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2022;103(12)."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b2","series-title":"Circulation","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142023 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao\n CW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsao\n CW\n , AdayAW, AlmarzooqZI, et al.\n Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142023 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147(8)."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b3","series-title":"Nat Neurosci.","first-page":"924","article-title":"Epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical dorsal roots restores voluntary upper limb control in paralyzed monkeys","volume":"25","author":"Barra\n B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barra\n B\n , ContiS, PerichMG, et al.\n Epidural electrical stimulation of the cervical dorsal roots restores voluntary upper limb control in paralyzed monkeys. Nat Neurosci.2022;25(7):924-934."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b4","series-title":"Front. Neural Circuits.","first-page":"57","article-title":"Restoration of upper limb movement via artificial corticospinal and musculospinal connections in a monkey with spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Nishimura\n Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nishimura\n Y\n , PerlmutterSI, FetzEE. Restoration of upper limb movement via artificial corticospinal and musculospinal connections in a monkey with spinal cord injury. Front. Neural Circuits.2013;7:57."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b5","series-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.","first-page":"1272","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation promotes long-term recovery of upper extremity function in chronic tetraplegia","volume":"26","author":"Inanici\n F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inanici\n F\n , SamejimaS, GadP, EdgertonVR, HofstetterCP, MoritzCT. Transcutaneous electrical spinal stimulation promotes long-term recovery of upper extremity function in chronic tetraplegia. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.2018;26(6):1272-1278."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b6","series-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.","first-page":"3167","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation improves upper extremity and hand function in people with complete tetraplegia: a case study","volume":"28","author":"Zhang\n F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang\n F\n , MomeniK, RamanujamA, et al.\n Cervical spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation improves upper extremity and hand function in people with complete tetraplegia: a case study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.2020;28(12):3167-3174."},{"issue":"15","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b7","series-title":"J Clin Med.","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord depends both on the stimulation intensity and the degree of voluntary activity for training. A pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Kumru\n H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumru\n H\n , Rodr\u00edguez-Ca\u00f1\u00f3nM, EdgertonVR, et al.\n Transcutaneous electrical neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord depends both on the stimulation intensity and the degree of voluntary activity for training. A pilot study. J Clin Med.2021;10(15):3278."},{"issue":"9781","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b8","series-title":"Lancet.","first-page":"1938","article-title":"Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: A case study","volume":"377","author":"Harkema\n S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harkema\n S\n , GerasimenkoY, HodesJ, et al.\n Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: A case study. Lancet.2011;377(9781):1938-1947."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b9","series-title":"Nat Med.","first-page":"1677","article-title":"Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia","volume":"24","author":"Gill\n ML","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gill\n ML\n , GrahnPJ, CalvertJS, et al.\n Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia. Nat Med.2018;24(11):1677-1682."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b10","series-title":"Nat Med.","first-page":"260","article-title":"Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis","volume":"28","author":"Rowald\n A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rowald\n A\n , KomiS, DemesmaekerR, et al.\n Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis. Nat Med.2022;28(2):260-271."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b11","series-title":"Nat Med.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord for post-stroke upper-limb paresis","author":"Powell\n MP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Powell\n MP\n , VermaN, SorensenE, et al.\n Epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord for post-stroke upper-limb paresis. Nat Med.2023:1-11."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b12","series-title":"J Clin Med.","first-page":"195","article-title":"Cervical electrical neuromodulation effectively enhances hand motor output in healthy subjects by engaging a use-dependent intervention","volume":"10","author":"Kumru\n H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumru\n H\n , Flores\u00c1, Rodr\u00edguez-Ca\u00f1\u00f3nM, et al.\n Cervical electrical neuromodulation effectively enhances hand motor output in healthy subjects by engaging a use-dependent intervention. J Clin Med.2021;10(2):195."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b13","series-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair.","first-page":"951","article-title":"Engaging cervical spinal cord networks to reenable volitional control of hand function in tetraplegic patients","volume":"30","author":"Lu\n DC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu\n DC\n , EdgertonVR, ModaberM, et al.\n Engaging cervical spinal cord networks to reenable volitional control of hand function in tetraplegic patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair.2016;30(10):951-962."},{"issue":"13","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b14","series-title":"J Neurosci.","first-page":"2633","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in humans with tetraplegia","volume":"40","author":"Benavides\n FD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benavides\n FD\n , JoHJ, LundellH, EdgertonVR, GerasimenkoY, PerezMA. Cortical and subcortical effects of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in humans with tetraplegia. J Neurosci.2020;40(13):2633-2643."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b15","series-title":"Sci Rep.","first-page":"15546","article-title":"Engaging cervical spinal circuitry with non-invasive spinal stimulation and buspirone to restore hand function in chronic motor complete patients","volume":"8","author":"Freyvert\n Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freyvert\n Y\n , YongNA, MorikawaE, et al.\n Engaging cervical spinal circuitry with non-invasive spinal stimulation and buspirone to restore hand function in chronic motor complete patients. Sci Rep.2018;8(1):15546."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b16","series-title":"J Neural Eng.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rehabilitation of hand function after spinal cord injury using a novel handgrip device: A pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Hoffman\n H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoffman\n H\n , SierroT, NiuT, et al.\n Rehabilitation of hand function after spinal cord injury using a novel handgrip device: A pilot study. J Neural Eng.2017;14(1):1-7."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b17","series-title":"PLoS One.","article-title":"Common neural structures activated by epidural and transcutaneous lumbar spinal cord stimulation: Elicitation of posterior root-muscle reflexes","volume":"13","author":"Hofstoetter\n US","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hofstoetter\n US\n , FreundlB, BinderH, MinassianK. Common neural structures activated by epidural and transcutaneous lumbar spinal cord stimulation: Elicitation of posterior root-muscle reflexes. PLoS One.2018;13(1):e0192013."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b18","series-title":"Cent Nerv Syst Trauma.","first-page":"129","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations","volume":"3","author":"Dimitrijevic\n M","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dimitrijevic\n M\n , DimitrijevicM, IllisL, NakajimaK, SharkeyP, SherwoodA. Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations. Cent Nerv Syst Trauma.1986;3(2):129-143."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b19","series-title":"Neuromodulation.","first-page":"580","article-title":"Noninvasive spinal cord stimulation: Technical aspects and therapeutic applications","volume":"18","author":"Nardone\n R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nardone\n R\n , H\u00f6llerY, TaylorA, et al.\n Noninvasive spinal cord stimulation: Technical aspects and therapeutic applications. Neuromodulation.2015;18(7):580-591."},{"key":"i1945-5763-29-suppl-15-b20","series-title":"Trends Neurosci.","article-title":"Poststroke arm and hand paresis: Should we target the cervical spinal cord?","author":"Pirondini\n E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pirondini\n E\n , CarranzaE, BalaguerJ-M, et al.\n Poststroke arm and hand paresis: Should we target the cervical spinal cord?\n Trends Neurosci.\n 2022."}],"container-title":["Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/tscr\/29\/Supplement\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/tscir\/article-pdf\/29\/Supplement\/15\/3303394\/i1945-5763-29-suppl-15.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tscr\/29\/Supplement\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tscr\/29\/Supplement\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:50:43Z","timestamp":1775145043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tscir.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/tscr\/29\/Supplement\/article-p15.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46292\/sci23-00040s","relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-0744","1945-5763"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-0744","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-5763","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}