{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:25:07Z","timestamp":1790904307486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n The bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system appears to be linked to the intestinal microbiome. Research has shown that spinal cord injury (SCI) can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to gut dysbiosis. These changes can have several negative impacts, such as exacerbated systemic inflammation and susceptibility to infection. Probiotics administered to mice with SCI have been shown to ameliorate gut dysbiosis, confer neuroprotection, and improve locomotor recovery. However, probiotics have also produced conflicting results, making potential claims regarding the application of probiotics as a therapeutic supplement ambiguous.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to investigate the effects of a commercially available probiotic on recovery in a rat model of cervical SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Rats with cervical contusion SCI received probiotics over 7 days immediately after injury, and their recovery in motor, sensory, and cognitive tasks was compared to that of untreated animals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with a control group, the oral administration of probiotics influenced neither motor nor cognitive outcomes. We did observe a significantly different lesion size between the two groups, where the probiotic group had less spared tissue, despite a lack of differences in functional outcomes. In addition, probiotic treatment delayed gut microbiome composition recovery to baseline levels for up to 35 days postinjury (DPI). We found significantly higher proportions of\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n in the fecal matter of SCI-vehicle rats at 35 DPI, whereas\n Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n was higher in SCI-probiotics fecal matter at 14 and 35 DPI, and\n Bacillales<\/jats:italic>\n was higher in the latter group at 35 DPI.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Taken together, our results do not support the application of the utilized probiotic cocktail as a dietary supplement for the treatment of cervical SCI-induced gut dysbiosis and secondary complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci24-00004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T11:39:54Z","timestamp":1740051594000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["No Beneficial Effects of the Alfasigma VSL#3 Probiotic Treatment After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Pamela J.F.","family":"Raposo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma K.A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel Torres","family":"Espin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith K.","family":"Fenrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"3500","article-title":"The spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome: Results of the SCIentinel study","volume":"46","author":"Kopp\n MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kopp\n MA\n , MeiselC, LiebscherT, et al. The spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome: Results of the SCIentinel study. Brain. 2023;46(8):3500-3512."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"PloS One","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Lim\n SW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim\n SW\n , ShiueYL, HoCH, YuSC, KaoPH, WangJJ. Anxiety and depression in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: A nationwide population-based cohort study. PloS One. 2017;12(1)."},{"issue":"7","key":"b3","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"932937","article-title":"Anxiety and depression after spinal cord injury: A longitudinal analysis","volume":"81","author":"Kennedy\n P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kennedy\n P\n , RogersBA. Anxiety and depression after spinal cord injury: A longitudinal analysis. 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Inflammation after spinal cord injury: A review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18(1):284."},{"issue":"7","key":"b8","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"369","article-title":"Post-traumatic inflammation following spinal cord injury","volume":"41","author":"Hausmann\n ON","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hausmann\n ON\n \n . Post-traumatic inflammation following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2003;41(7):369-378."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Front Cell Neurosci","first-page":"999253","article-title":"Consequences of spinal cord injury on the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"17","author":"Wulf\n MJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wulf\n MJ\n , TomVJ. Consequences of spinal cord injury on the sympathetic nervous system. 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