{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:24:29Z","timestamp":1791300269840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between incident traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a longitudinal case-control study. We used 2012-2019 commercial insurance claims data from the Health Care Cost Institute (HCCI) and applied semi-parametric Cox survival models to compute hazard ratio (HR) for ADRD diagnosis comparing cases with incident TSCI with their controls without TSCI, adjusting for age, sex, a set of comorbid conditions, and any use of 6 classes of prescription medications. To reduce potential selection bias, we conducted a probability matching between cases (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 251) and controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2480) using a 1:10 ratio without replacement based on age, sex, diagnosed chronic conditions, and index year of the TSCI diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases with incident TSCI had a higher HR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.19-4.80) for ADRD compared to their matched controls. Our sensitivity analysis of removing cases with traumatic brain injury at the index TSCI date or afterward did not change the results (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.06-4.62).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incident TSCI is associated with an increased risk of ADRD. Clinical guidelines for people with TSCI should consider the early and regular use of cognitive screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci24-00050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T06:17:45Z","timestamp":1754029065000},"page":"188-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identifying Likely Incidents of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Elevated Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Health Care Cost Institute Data"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adit","family":"Doza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianna M.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Cigolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan"},{"name":"Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"812","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: A large population-based study","volume":"60","author":"Barbiellini Amidei C SL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barbiellini Amidei C SL, Bellio S, Saia M. 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