{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:51:46Z","timestamp":1775148706974,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging neuromodulation approaches, including epidural electrical stimulation (EES), offer hope for restoration of function following chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, integrating neuromodulation therapies into clinical procedures is challenging due to the unique needs of the SCI population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of participants during a first-in-human trial of perilesional EES aimed at restoring sensorimotor function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report participants\u2019 experiences by describing their clinical care, experiences during experimental neuromodulation sessions, and perspectives on the utility of a perilesional EES system. Three participants with chronic thoracic SCI participated in semistructured interviews after completing a 14-day inpatient experimental protocol, which included stimulation mapping, lower extremity motor control experiments, and treadmill stepping. Interview data were analyzed using an applied thematic analysis approach. Nine key themes addressed 4 major topic areas: clinical experiences, experiences during laboratory experiments, experiences as a research participant, and perceived value of perilesional EES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants noted the potential for EES to enhance functional recovery, though their postoperative experiences related to clinical care, postoperative pain, and disruptions to routine care differed. Insights gained from qualitative analyses highlighted challenges and opportunities for improving postsurgical care and refining application of EES technology. Further, these results inform recommendations for neuromodulation trials in the SCI community to help mitigate postoperative complications and improve study participant experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Key recommendations include being proactive regarding potential postsurgical complications, educating clinical staff regarding common SCI comorbidities, and customizing experimental protocols to align with the priorities and clinical needs of each participant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci24-00092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T16:37:13Z","timestamp":1763483833000},"page":"216-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Participant Perspectives on an Invasive Spinal Neuromodulation Study for Functional Sensorimotor and Autonomic Restoration in Chronic Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative Case Series"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Calvert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared S.","family":"Fridley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Solinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Shaaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Borton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Resnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1938","article-title":"Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study","volume":"377","author":"Harkema S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harkema S, Gerasimenko Y, Hodes J, et al. 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