{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T03:02:39Z","timestamp":1779850959230,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes sensorimotor deficits and functional impairments that compromise quality of life in people with SCI (PwSCI). Although neuroplasticity-based therapies such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) are promising, accessibility barriers hinder their translation and long-term use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness and usability of a home-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation protocol combining FES neuromodulation and virtual-based therapy for PwSCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty PwSCI received a hybrid intervention (synchronous and asynchronous), using a portable, app-based FES system with cloud monitoring. Outcome measures included SCIM-III, Motor Index Score (MIS), Timed Up &amp; Go, five times sit-to-stand, and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) changes, along with feasibility and usability measures such as adherence, patient satisfaction, and heuristic analysis, among others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Motor incomplete paraplegia (AIS C\/D) showed significant SCIM-III improvements (\u0394 + 10 points,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and enhanced motor scores (MIS: \u0394 + 4 points,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), along with high adherence (70%) and satisfaction (84%). AIS changes showed in 32.5% of the patients. Motor complete injuries exhibited limited gains, highlighting thresholds for residual plasticity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multidisciplinary protocol combining virtual therapy and FES may enhance motor recovery and independence in PwSCI, providing a scalable, accessible alternative to conventional rehabilitation. These results underscore the potential of technology-driven strategies to overcome barriers to care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci25-00022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:33:03Z","timestamp":1767339183000},"page":"76-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hybrid Home-Based FES Protocol for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Single-Center Observational Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Appelgren-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Center of Biomedical Imaging, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Covarrubias-Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Arte y Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica, Universidad Metropolitana Ciencias de la Educaci\u00f3n (UMCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Balbont\u00edn-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Kinesiology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Fuentes","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a Urz\u00faa","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Vizcaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, Trainfes Center, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"b1","series-title":"J Pers Med","article-title":"Psychosocial consequences of spinal cord injury: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Budd MA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Budd MA, Gater DR Jr, Channell I. 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