{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:51:36Z","timestamp":1775148696736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) represent a distinct group; management can be more complex than in adult-onset SCI. Changing medical needs, transfer of responsibility, and cognitive appraisals of disability may all impact life satisfaction in pediatric-onset SCI. Further, bladder\/bowel management over many years may be time-consuming and socially disruptive. Cognitive appraisal of disability has been linked to life satisfaction and functioning in pediatric-onset SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n This study examines associations between bladder\/bowel accidents, bowel management, cognitive appraisals, and life satisfaction in pediatric-onset SCI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Part of a larger study, 180 adults who sustained SCI age \u226418 and received treatment at a pediatric rehabilitation hospital system were interviewed. Participants were 55.6% male, 83.3% White, 38.6 years at interview, and 13.1 years at injury; 66.1% had complete injury, and 51.1% had paraplegia. Participants reported demographics\/medical needs via semi-structured interview. Cognitive appraisals and life satisfaction were assessed using Appraisals of DisAbility Primary and Secondary Scale\u2013Short Form and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Pairwise correlations with all constructs of interest and multivariable linear regressions using bowel program duration and cognitive appraisals as predictors of life satisfaction were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Correlations align with literature suggesting associations between bladder accident frequency\/bowel program duration and negative appraisals of disability (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = .17-.22,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) and bowel program duration and reduced life satisfaction (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = -.29,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01). Increased bowel program duration is associated with reduced growth and resilience appraisals (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = .32,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001). Regressions indicate that increased bowel program duration and negative appraisals (fearful despondency, overwhelming disbelief, negative perceptions) are associated with reduced life satisfaction (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = .12-.24).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Findings suggest interventions targeting bowel management efficiency and cognitive appraisals may improve life satisfaction in this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci25-00068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:28:34Z","timestamp":1771608514000},"page":"136-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction, Cognitive Appraisals of Disability, and Life Satisfaction in Individuals With Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Olivia E.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Deane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence C.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Zebracki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Children's Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"443","article-title":"Health conditions: Effect on function, health-related quality of life, and life satisfaction after traumatic spinal cord injury. A prospective observational registry cohort study","volume":"99","author":"Rivers CS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rivers CS, Fallah N, Noonan VK, et al. Health conditions: Effect on function, health-related quality of life, and life satisfaction after traumatic spinal cord injury. A prospective observational registry cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(3):443-451. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.06.012."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Spinal Cord Medicine","article-title":"\u201cSpinal cord injuries and disorders in children and adolescents,\u201d","author":"Zebracki,K","unstructured":"Zebracki,K, Vogel L, Mulcahey M, Betz R. \u201cSpinal cord injuries and disorders in children and adolescents,\u201d in Kirshblum S, Lin V, eds., Spinal Cord Medicine (4th ed.). New York: Demos Medical; in press."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Spinal Cord.","first-page":"290","article-title":"Use of Appraisals of DisAbility Primary and Secondary Scale\u2013 Short Form (ADAPSS-sf) in individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury","volume":"58","author":"Deane KC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deane KC, Chlan KM, Vogel LC, Zebracki K. Use of Appraisals of DisAbility Primary and Secondary Scale\u2013 Short Form (ADAPSS-sf) in individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2020;58(3):290-297. doi:10.1038\/s41393-019-0375-0."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"241","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and longitudinal changes of neurogenic bowel management in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury","volume":"98","author":"Hwang M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hwang M, Zebracki K, Vogel LC. Long-term outcomes and longitudinal changes of neurogenic bowel management in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(2):241-248. doi:10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.07.004."},{"key":"b5","article-title":"2024 Annual Statistical Report, Complete Public Version for the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems","author":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. 2024 Annual Statistical Report, Complete Public Version for the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems. University of Alabama at Birmingham. https:\/\/sites.uab.edu\/nscisc."},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"325","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric traumatic spinal cord injury in a population-based cohort, 1998-2012","volume":"21","author":"Saunders L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saunders L, Selassie A, Cao Y, Zebracki K, Vogel L. Epidemiology of pediatric traumatic spinal cord injury in a population-based cohort, 1998-2012. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2015;21 (4): 325-332. doi:10.1310\/sci2104-325."},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"91","article-title":"A primary care provider's guide to pediatric spinal cord injuries","volume":"26","author":"Zebracki K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zebracki K, Melicosta M, Unser C, Vogel L. A primary care provider's guide to pediatric spinal cord injuries. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2020;26(2):91-99. doi:10.46292\/sci2602-91."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology","article-title":"\u201cSpinal cord injuries and disorders,\u201d","author":"Duff J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duff J, Jackson K, Bombardier C, Zebracki K. \u201cSpinal cord injuries and disorders,\u201d in Meade M, Bechtold K, Wegener S, eds., Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology (2nd ed.). 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Use of Appraisals of DisAbility Primary and Secondary Scale\u2013 Short Form (ADAPSS-sf) in individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2020;58(3):290-297. doi:10.1038\/s41393-019-0375-0."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"241","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and longitudinal changes of neurogenic bowel management in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury","volume":"98","author":"Hwang M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hwang M, Zebracki K, Vogel LC. Long-term outcomes and longitudinal changes of neurogenic bowel management in adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. 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Psychosocial outcomes among youth with spinal cord injury and their primary caregivers. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2012;18(1):67-72. doi:10.1310\/sci1801-67."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"Fam Syst Health","first-page":"150","article-title":"Patterns of coping among caregivers of children with spinal cord injury: Associations with parent and child well-being","volume":"37","author":"January AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"January AM, Kelly EH, Russell HF, Zebracki K, Vogel LC. Patterns of coping among caregivers of children with spinal cord injury: Associations with parent and child well-being. 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Spinal Cord. 2010;48 (7): 554-559. doi:10.1038\/sc.2009.181."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"49","article-title":"Phenomenological study of neurogenic bowel from the perspective of individuals living with spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Burns AS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burns AS, St-Germain D, Connolly M, Delparte JJ, Guindon A, Hitzig SL, Craven BC. Phenomenological study of neurogenic bowel from the perspective of individuals living with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(1):49-55. doi:0.1016\/j.apmr.2014.07.417."},{"issue":"3","key":"b17","series-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil","first-page":"241","article-title":"Continuing with life as normal: Positive psychological outcomes following spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Griffiths HC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Griffiths HC, Kennedy P. Continuing with life as normal: Positive psychological outcomes following spinal cord injury. 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