{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:48:19Z","timestamp":1776826099474,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"Supplement1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n People living with spinal cord injury (SCI) rate neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) as one of the biggest daily challenges. Currently, no validated clinical decision-making tool exists to guide NBD management during the acute\/subacute period following SCI, a time highlighted by frequent complications and rapid clinical changes. Previously, the Monitoring Efficacy of NBD Treatment On Response (MENTOR) tool was developed to facilitate shared decision-making between the clinician and the person living with chronic SCI in bowel management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To assess MENTOR tool validity in an acute\/subacute setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Prior to discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, the MENTOR tool was completed by a study member via interview, followed immediately by a clinical evaluation by a study clinician who was masked to the MENTOR results. Concordance between the MENTOR tool and the clinical evaluation was assessed using percent agreement calculations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Two hundred forty participants were enrolled. Significant differences were observed in relation to demographic and clinical factors between various SCI categories and clinical sites. Overall concordance between MENTOR and clinical recommendations was 40.6%. Regardless of factors such as satisfaction score, presence of special attention symptoms, or MENTOR results, \u201cno change\u201d was the most common clinician evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Similar concordance for using the MENTOR tool as a clinical decision-making tool in the acute\/subacute population as compared to the chronic population was not demonstrated. However, the MENTOR tool may be useful as a screening tool to determine whether a clinician assessment is required.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci25-00115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:17:19Z","timestamp":1776824239000},"page":"220-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of MENTOR Tool to Describe Bowel Dysfunction in Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"James R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, The MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Cowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"DeRasmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Associates, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute at Allina Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberley R.","family":"Monden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery W.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Rybi\u0144ska-Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Research Institute, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Vives Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly D.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, The MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"905","article-title":"Outcomes of neurogenic bowel management in individuals living with a spinal cord injury for at least 10 years","volume":"96","author":"Adriaansen JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adriaansen JJ, van Asbeck FW, van Kuppevelt D, Snoek GJ, Post MW. Outcomes of neurogenic bowel management in individuals living with a spinal cord injury for at least 10 years. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(5):905-912."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Needs of the Community Living with SCI in North America.","author":"North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium","year":"2019","unstructured":"North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium. Needs of the Community Living with SCI in North America. 2019."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines: Spinal Cord Medicine. Management of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction in Adults after Spinal Cord Injury. Version 2","author":"Paralyzed Veterans of America","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paralyzed Veterans of America. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Spinal Cord Medicine. Management of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction in Adults after Spinal Cord Injury. Version 2. 2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med.","first-page":"141","article-title":"Recommendations for evaluation of neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction after spinal cord injury and\/or disease","volume":"43","author":"Tate DG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tate DG, Wheeler T, Lane GI, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction after spinal cord injury and\/or disease. J Spinal Cord Med. 2020;43(2):141-164. doi: 10.1080\/10790268.2019.1706033."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"49","article-title":"Phenomenological study of neurogenic bowel from the perspective of individuals living with spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Burns AS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burns AS, St-Germain D, Connolly M, et al. Phenomenological study of neurogenic bowel from the perspective of individuals living with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(1):49-55."},{"issue":"9","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurotrauma.","first-page":"1091","article-title":"A community perspective on bowel management and quality of life after spinal cord injury: The influence of autonomic dysreflexia","volume":"35","author":"Inskip JA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inskip JA, Lucci V-EM, McGrath MS, Willms R, Claydon VE. A community perspective on bowel management and quality of life after spinal cord injury: The influence of autonomic dysreflexia. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(9):1091-1105."},{"issue":"9016","key":"b7","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1651","article-title":"Bowel dysfunction in spinal-cord-injury patients","volume":"347","author":"Glickman S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Glickman S, Kamm MA. Bowel dysfunction in spinal-cord-injury patients. Lancet. 1996;347(9016):1651-1653."},{"issue":"10","key":"b8","series-title":"Dis Colon Rectum","first-page":"1233","article-title":"Colorectal function in patients with spinal cord lesions","volume":"40","author":"Krogh K","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krogh K, Nielsen J, Djurhuus JC, Mosdal C, Sabroe S, Laurberg S. Colorectal function in patients with spinal cord lesions. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40(10):1233-1239."},{"issue":"11","key":"b9","series-title":"Spinal Cord.","first-page":"1216","article-title":"Needs, priorities, and attitudes of individuals with spinal cord injury toward nerve stimulation devices for bladder and bowel function: A survey","volume":"58","author":"Bourbeau D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bourbeau D, Bolon A, Creasey G, et al. Needs, priorities, and attitudes of individuals with spinal cord injury toward nerve stimulation devices for bladder and bowel function: A survey. Spinal Cord. 2020;58(11):1216-1226."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence.","first-page":"195","article-title":"Managing neurogenic bowel dysfunction: What do patients prefer? A discrete choice experiment of patient preferences for transanal irrigation and standard bowel management","volume":"10","author":"Nafees B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nafees B, Lloyd AJ, Ballinger RS, Emmanuel A. Managing neurogenic bowel dysfunction: What do patients prefer? A discrete choice experiment of patient preferences for transanal irrigation and standard bowel management. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:195-204."},{"issue":"7","key":"b11","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"795","article-title":"Creation and validation of a new tool for the monitoring efficacy of neurogenic bowel dysfunction treatment on response: the MENTOR tool","volume":"58","author":"Emmanuel A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emmanuel A, Krogh K, Kirshblum S, et al. Creation and validation of a new tool for the monitoring efficacy of neurogenic bowel dysfunction treatment on response: the MENTOR tool. Spinal Cord. 2020;58(7):795-802."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Spinal Cord.","first-page":"625","article-title":"Neurogenic bowel dysfunction score","volume":"44","author":"Krogh K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krogh K, Christensen P, Sabroe S, Laurberg S. Neurogenic bowel dysfunction score. Spinal Cord. 2006;44:625-631."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Facts and Figures at a Glance","author":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center","year":"2025","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Facts and Figures at a Glance. University of Alabama at Birmingham; 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol.","first-page":"128","article-title":"Decreased colonic motility in persons with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"98","author":"Fajardo NR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fajardo NR, Pasiliao RV, Modeste-Duncan R, Creasey G, Bauman WA, Korsten MA. Decreased colonic motility in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(1):128-134. doi: 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07157.x."},{"issue":"10","key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol.","first-page":"2290","article-title":"Bowel dysfunction in patients with motor complete spinal cord injury: Clinical, neurological, and pathophysiological associations","volume":"101","author":"Vall\u00e8s M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vall\u00e8s M, Vidal J, Clav\u00e9 P, Mearin F. Bowel dysfunction in patients with motor complete spinal cord injury: Clinical, neurological, and pathophysiological associations. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(10):2290-2299. doi: 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00729.x."},{"issue":"7","key":"b16","series-title":"Spinal Cord.","first-page":"383","article-title":"Spinal shock revisited: A four-phase model","volume":"42","author":"Ditunno JF","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ditunno JF, Little JW, Tessler A, Burns AS. Spinal shock revisited: A four-phase model. Spinal Cord. 2004;42(7):383-395. doi: 10.1038\/sj.sc.3101603."},{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"905","article-title":"Outcomes of neurogenic bowel management in individuals living with a spinal cord injury for at least 10 years","volume":"96","author":"Adriaansen JJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adriaansen JJ, van Asbeck FW, van Kuppevelt D, Snoek GJ, Post MW. Outcomes of neurogenic bowel management in individuals living with a spinal cord injury for at least 10 years. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(5):905-912."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Needs of the Community Living with SCI in North America.","author":"North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium","year":"2019","unstructured":"North American Spinal Cord Injury Consortium. Needs of the Community Living with SCI in North America. 2019."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines: Spinal Cord Medicine. Management of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction in Adults after Spinal Cord Injury. Version 2","author":"Paralyzed Veterans of America","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paralyzed Veterans of America. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Spinal Cord Medicine. Management of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction in Adults after Spinal Cord Injury. Version 2. 2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med.","first-page":"141","article-title":"Recommendations for evaluation of neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction after spinal cord injury and\/or disease","volume":"43","author":"Tate DG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tate DG, Wheeler T, Lane GI, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction after spinal cord injury and\/or disease. J Spinal Cord Med. 2020;43(2):141-164. doi: 10.1080\/10790268.2019.1706033."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil.","first-page":"49","article-title":"Phenomenological study of neurogenic bowel from the perspective of individuals living with spinal cord injury","volume":"96","author":"Burns AS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burns AS, St-Germain D, Connolly M, et al. Phenomenological study of neurogenic bowel from the perspective of individuals living with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(1):49-55."},{"issue":"9","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurotrauma.","first-page":"1091","article-title":"A community perspective on bowel management and quality of life after spinal cord injury: The influence of autonomic dysreflexia","volume":"35","author":"Inskip JA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Inskip JA, Lucci V-EM, McGrath MS, Willms R, Claydon VE. A community perspective on bowel management and quality of life after spinal cord injury: The influence of autonomic dysreflexia. J Neurotrauma. 2018;35(9):1091-1105."},{"issue":"9016","key":"b7","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1651","article-title":"Bowel dysfunction in spinal-cord-injury patients","volume":"347","author":"Glickman S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Glickman S, Kamm MA. Bowel dysfunction in spinal-cord-injury patients. 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Spinal Cord. 2020;58(11):1216-1226."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence.","first-page":"195","article-title":"Managing neurogenic bowel dysfunction: What do patients prefer? A discrete choice experiment of patient preferences for transanal irrigation and standard bowel management","volume":"10","author":"Nafees B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nafees B, Lloyd AJ, Ballinger RS, Emmanuel A. Managing neurogenic bowel dysfunction: What do patients prefer? A discrete choice experiment of patient preferences for transanal irrigation and standard bowel management. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:195-204."},{"issue":"7","key":"b11","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"795","article-title":"Creation and validation of a new tool for the monitoring efficacy of neurogenic bowel dysfunction treatment on response: the MENTOR tool","volume":"58","author":"Emmanuel A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emmanuel A, Krogh K, Kirshblum S, et al. Creation and validation of a new tool for the monitoring efficacy of neurogenic bowel dysfunction treatment on response: the MENTOR tool. Spinal Cord. 2020;58(7):795-802."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Spinal Cord.","first-page":"625","article-title":"Neurogenic bowel dysfunction score","volume":"44","author":"Krogh K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krogh K, Christensen P, Sabroe S, Laurberg S. Neurogenic bowel dysfunction score. Spinal Cord. 2006;44:625-631."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Facts and Figures at a Glance","author":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center","year":"2025","unstructured":"National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Facts and Figures at a Glance. University of Alabama at Birmingham; 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol.","first-page":"128","article-title":"Decreased colonic motility in persons with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"98","author":"Fajardo NR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fajardo NR, Pasiliao RV, Modeste-Duncan R, Creasey G, Bauman WA, Korsten MA. Decreased colonic motility in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98(1):128-134. doi: 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07157.x."},{"issue":"10","key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol.","first-page":"2290","article-title":"Bowel dysfunction in patients with motor complete spinal cord injury: Clinical, neurological, and pathophysiological associations","volume":"101","author":"Vall\u00e8s M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vall\u00e8s M, Vidal J, Clav\u00e9 P, Mearin F. Bowel dysfunction in patients with motor complete spinal cord injury: Clinical, neurological, and pathophysiological associations. 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