{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:59:43Z","timestamp":1790420383826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Spinal Injury Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Skin breakdown, including burns and pressure injuries (PrIs), is a devastating complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). Chronic wounds place the person with SCI at high risk of infections, sepsis, and death. Skin health and breakdown is individual and multifactorial, thus prevention requires individualized education focused on patient preferences and goals. Assessment requires an accurate description of wound type\/PrI stage, location, size, wound bed, wound margin, epithelialization, exudate, and peri-wound condition. PrIs should be staged using the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) staging system. Successful treatment requires optimal wound bed preparation, pressure off-loading, and access to surgical specialists if needed. Mattress and seating systems, pressure relief, skin microclimate, nutrition, and home supports should be optimized. To promote wound healing and aid prevention, identifiable causes need to be removed, risk factors improved, and wound care provided. Infection should be treated with input from infectious disease specialists. Consideration for specialized surgical management including flaps and primary closures should be coordinated with the interdisciplinary team to optimize outcomes. If comorbid conditions promote wound chronicity, a palliative rather than curative treatment plan may be needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46292\/sci2603-177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T13:59:40Z","timestamp":1604325580000},"page":"177-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Primary Care Provider\u2019s Guide to Prevention and Management of Pressure Injury and Skin Breakdown in People With Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.46292","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Rosin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury Primary Care, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn S.","family":"Tabibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthEast Clinic, Roselawn, St. Paul, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Trimbath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crossroads Health, Mentor, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Kristina","family":"Henzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University\/MetroHealth System, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25425","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.142","article-title":"Care needs of persons with long-term spinal cord injury living at home in the Netherlands","volume":"48","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Loo\n              MA\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPostMW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBloemenJH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tCare needs of persons with long-term spinal cord injury living at home in the Netherlands.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t48(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t423\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t428.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1038\/sc.2009.142"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b2","article-title":"Telerehabilitation across the continuum of care for individuals with spinal cord injury","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sabharwal\n              S\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMezarosM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDuafenbachL.\n          Telerehabilitation across the continuum of care for individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tPaper presented at the Proceedings of the State of the Science Conference on Telerehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b3","series-title":"Foundations of Best Practice for Skin and Wound Management. A supplement of Wound Care Canada","article-title":"Best practice recommendations for the prevention and management of pressure injuries","year":"2017","unstructured":"Norton\n              L\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tParslowN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJohnstonD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tBest practice recommendations for the prevention and management of pressure injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:\n\t\t\t\t\tFoundations of Best Practice for Skin and Wound Management. A supplement of Wound Care Canada.\n\t\t\t\t\tCanadian Association of Wound Care;\n\t\t\t\t\t2017. https:\/\/www.woundscanada.ca\/docman\/public\/health-care-professional\/bpr-workshop\/172-bpr-prevention-and-management-of-pressure-injuries-2\/file"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b4","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102129","article-title":"A review of scales for assessing the risk of developing a pressure ulcer in individuals with SCI","volume":"46","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mortenson\n              WB\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMillerWC.\n          A review of scales for assessing the risk of developing a pressure ulcer in individuals with SCI.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t168\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t175.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1038\/sj.sc.3102129"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b5","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.46","article-title":"Major risk factors for pressure ulcers in the spinal cord disabled: A literature review","volume":"34","year":"1996","unstructured":"Byrne\n              DW\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSalzbergCA.\n          Major risk factors for pressure ulcers in the spinal cord disabled: A literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t34(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t255\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t263.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1038\/sc.1996.46"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b6","series-title":"Spinal Cord Medicine.","first-page":"516","article-title":"Medical management of pressure injuries in patients with spinal cord disorders","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henzel\n              MK\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBogieKM.\n          Medical management of pressure injuries in patients with spinal cord disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:\n\t\t\t\t\tKirshblumS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinV.\n\t\t\t\t\t (\n\t\t\t\t\teds.),\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord Medicine.3rd ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York, NY:\n\t\t\t\t\tDemos Medical;\n\t\t\t\t\t2019:\n\t\t\t\t\t516\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t543."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b7","series-title":"Pressure Injury Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care Professionals.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines.\n          \n          Pressure Injury Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care Professionals.\n          2nd ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tWashington, DC:\n\t\t\t\t\tParalyzed Veterans of America;\n\t\t\t\t\t2014."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b8","series-title":"PM R","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.11.014","article-title":"Prevention of pressure ulcers among people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review","volume":"7","year":"2015","unstructured":"Groah\n              SL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchladenM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPinedaCG,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevention of pressure ulcers among people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tPM R.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t613\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t636.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.11.014"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b9","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001735","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001735.pub5","article-title":"Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention","year":"2015","unstructured":"McInnes\n              E\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJammali-BlasiA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBell-SyerSE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tSupport surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention.\n\t\t\t\t\tCochrane Database Syst Rev.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\tCD001735.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1002\/14651858.CD001735.pub5"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b10","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/107 90268.2016.1245806","article-title":"Some people move it, move it . . . for pressure injury prevention","volume":"41","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sonenblum\n              SE\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSprigleSH.\n          Some people move it, move it . . . for pressure injury prevention.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t106\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t110.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1080\/107 90268.2016.1245806"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b11","series-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000281","article-title":"Revised national pressure ulcer advisory panel pressure injury staging system: Revised pressure injury staging system","volume":"43","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edsberg\n              LE\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBlackJM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGoldbergM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tRevised national pressure ulcer advisory panel pressure injury staging system: Revised pressure injury staging system.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t585\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t597.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1097\/WON.0000000000000281"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b12","series-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.14.029","article-title":"The evaluation and management of thermal injuries: 2014 update","volume":"1","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toussaint\n              J\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSingerAJ.\n          The evaluation and management of thermal injuries: 2014 update.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Exp Emerg Med.2014Sep30;\n\t\t\t\t\t1(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t18.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.15441\/ceem.14.029"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b13","series-title":"Wound Preparation in Practice.","year":"2004","unstructured":"European Wound Management Association (EMWA).\n          \n          Wound Preparation in Practice.\n          London, UK:\n\t\t\t\t\tMEP Ltd;\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/ewma.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/EWMA.org\/Position_documents_2002-2008\/pos_doc_English_final_04.pdf"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b14","series-title":"Int Wound J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12662","article-title":"Wound bed preparation: TIME for an update","volume":"13","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harries\n              RL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBosanquetDC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHardingKG.\n          Wound bed preparation: TIME for an update.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Wound J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\tsuppl 3):\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t14.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1111\/iwj.12662"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b15","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(86)90089-1","article-title":"Quantitative microbiology of pressure sores in different stages of healing","volume":"5","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sapico\n              FL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGinunasVJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThornhill-JoynesM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tQuantitative microbiology of pressure sores in different stages of healing.\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t5(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t31\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t38.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1016\/0732-8893(86)90089-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b16","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2009.11760750","article-title":"Characteristics of recurrent pressure ulcers in veterans with spinal cord injury","volume":"32","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bates-Jensen\n              BM\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGuihanM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGarberSL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tCharacteristics of recurrent pressure ulcers in veterans with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t42.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1080\/10790268.2009.11760750"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b17","article-title":"Wound care products list (by category with examples of brand names)","unstructured":"Government of Canada.\n          \n          Wound care products list (by category with examples of brand names).\n\t\t\t\t\t2019-06-25. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/indigenous-services-canada\/services\/first-nations-inuit-health\/non-insured-health-benefits\/health-provider-information\/medical-supplies-equipment-information\/benefits-criteria\/dressing-list.html"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b1","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.142","article-title":"Care needs of persons with long-term spinal cord injury living at home in the Netherlands","volume":"48","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Loo\n              MA\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPostMW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBloemenJH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tCare needs of persons with long-term spinal cord injury living at home in the Netherlands.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t48(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t423\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t428.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1038\/sc.2009.142"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b2","article-title":"Telerehabilitation across the continuum of care for individuals with spinal cord injury","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sabharwal\n              S\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMezarosM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDuafenbachL.\n          Telerehabilitation across the continuum of care for individuals with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tPaper presented at the Proceedings of the State of the Science Conference on Telerehabilitation.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b3","series-title":"Foundations of Best Practice for Skin and Wound Management. A supplement of Wound Care Canada","article-title":"Best practice recommendations for the prevention and management of pressure injuries","year":"2017","unstructured":"Norton\n              L\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tParslowN,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJohnstonD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tBest practice recommendations for the prevention and management of pressure injuries.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:\n\t\t\t\t\tFoundations of Best Practice for Skin and Wound Management. A supplement of Wound Care Canada.\n\t\t\t\t\tCanadian Association of Wound Care;\n\t\t\t\t\t2017. https:\/\/www.woundscanada.ca\/docman\/public\/health-care-professional\/bpr-workshop\/172-bpr-prevention-and-management-of-pressure-injuries-2\/file"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b4","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102129","article-title":"A review of scales for assessing the risk of developing a pressure ulcer in individuals with SCI","volume":"46","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mortenson\n              WB\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMillerWC.\n          A review of scales for assessing the risk of developing a pressure ulcer in individuals with SCI.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t168\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t175.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1038\/sj.sc.3102129"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b5","series-title":"Spinal Cord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.46","article-title":"Major risk factors for pressure ulcers in the spinal cord disabled: A literature review","volume":"34","year":"1996","unstructured":"Byrne\n              DW\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSalzbergCA.\n          Major risk factors for pressure ulcers in the spinal cord disabled: A literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t34(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t255\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t263.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1038\/sc.1996.46"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b6","series-title":"Spinal Cord Medicine.","first-page":"516","article-title":"Medical management of pressure injuries in patients with spinal cord disorders","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henzel\n              MK\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBogieKM.\n          Medical management of pressure injuries in patients with spinal cord disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:\n\t\t\t\t\tKirshblumS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinV.\n\t\t\t\t\t (\n\t\t\t\t\teds.),\n\t\t\t\t\tSpinal Cord Medicine.3rd ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York, NY:\n\t\t\t\t\tDemos Medical;\n\t\t\t\t\t2019:\n\t\t\t\t\t516\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t543."},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b7","series-title":"Pressure Injury Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care Professionals.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines.\n          \n          Pressure Injury Prevention and Treatment Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care Professionals.\n          2nd ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tWashington, DC:\n\t\t\t\t\tParalyzed Veterans of America;\n\t\t\t\t\t2014."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b8","series-title":"PM R","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.11.014","article-title":"Prevention of pressure ulcers among people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review","volume":"7","year":"2015","unstructured":"Groah\n              SL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchladenM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPinedaCG,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevention of pressure ulcers among people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tPM R.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t613\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t636.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.11.014"},{"issue":"9","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b9","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001735","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001735.pub5","article-title":"Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention","year":"2015","unstructured":"McInnes\n              E\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJammali-BlasiA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBell-SyerSE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tSupport surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention.\n\t\t\t\t\tCochrane Database Syst Rev.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\tCD001735.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1002\/14651858.CD001735.pub5"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b10","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/107 90268.2016.1245806","article-title":"Some people move it, move it . . . for pressure injury prevention","volume":"41","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sonenblum\n              SE\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSprigleSH.\n          Some people move it, move it . . . for pressure injury prevention.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t106\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t110.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1080\/107 90268.2016.1245806"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b11","series-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000281","article-title":"Revised national pressure ulcer advisory panel pressure injury staging system: Revised pressure injury staging system","volume":"43","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edsberg\n              LE\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBlackJM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGoldbergM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tRevised national pressure ulcer advisory panel pressure injury staging system: Revised pressure injury staging system.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t43(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t585\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t597.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1097\/WON.0000000000000281"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b12","series-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.14.029","article-title":"The evaluation and management of thermal injuries: 2014 update","volume":"1","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toussaint\n              J\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSingerAJ.\n          The evaluation and management of thermal injuries: 2014 update.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Exp Emerg Med.2014Sep30;\n\t\t\t\t\t1(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t18.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.15441\/ceem.14.029"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b13","series-title":"Wound Preparation in Practice.","year":"2004","unstructured":"European Wound Management Association (EMWA).\n          \n          Wound Preparation in Practice.\n          London, UK:\n\t\t\t\t\tMEP Ltd;\n\t\t\t\t\t2004.\n\t\t\t\t\thttp:\/\/ewma.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/EWMA.org\/Position_documents_2002-2008\/pos_doc_English_final_04.pdf"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b14","series-title":"Int Wound J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12662","article-title":"Wound bed preparation: TIME for an update","volume":"13","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harries\n              RL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBosanquetDC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHardingKG.\n          Wound bed preparation: TIME for an update.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Wound J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t13(\n\t\t\t\t\tsuppl 3):\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t14.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1111\/iwj.12662"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b15","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(86)90089-1","article-title":"Quantitative microbiology of pressure sores in different stages of healing","volume":"5","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sapico\n              FL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGinunasVJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThornhill-JoynesM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tQuantitative microbiology of pressure sores in different stages of healing.\n\t\t\t\t\tDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis.\n\t\t\t\t\t1986;\n\t\t\t\t\t5(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t31\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t38.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1016\/0732-8893(86)90089-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b16","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2009.11760750","article-title":"Characteristics of recurrent pressure ulcers in veterans with spinal cord injury","volume":"32","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bates-Jensen\n              BM\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGuihanM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGarberSL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tet al.\n\t\t\t\t\tCharacteristics of recurrent pressure ulcers in veterans with spinal cord injury.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Spinal Cord Med.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t32(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t42.\n\t\t\t\t\tdoi:\n\t\t\t\t\t10.1080\/10790268.2009.11760750"},{"key":"i1082-0744-26-3-177-b17","article-title":"Wound care products list (by category with examples of brand names)","unstructured":"Government of Canada.\n          \n          Wound care products list (by category with examples of brand names).\n\t\t\t\t\t2019-06-25. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/indigenous-services-canada\/services\/first-nations-inuit-health\/non-insured-health-benefits\/health-provider-information\/medical-supplies-equipment-information\/benefits-criteria\/dressing-list.html"}],"container-title":["Topics in Spinal Cord Injury 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