{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:54:38Z","timestamp":1785524078942,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"AVES YAYINCILIK A.\u015e.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Archives of Rheumatology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate if serum levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) correlate with disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) patients.\r\nPatients and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 individuals (48 females, 32 males; mean age: 47.7\u00b111.5) between March 2021 and September 2021. Of the participants, 20 were axSpA, 20 were pSpA, and 20 were active rheumatoid arthritis patients, and the remaining 20 were healthy controls. Age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, comorbid diseases, smoking status, medical treatments, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) positivity were recorded. Serum GM-CSF and CCL17 levels were analyzed by ELISA. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with CRP (ASDAS-CRP) was used to evaluate the disease activity of patients with spondyloarthritis. Functional status of spondyloarthritis patients was evaluated by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI).\r\nResults: While the serum GM-CSF levels were similar in the axSpA and pSpA groups, they were significantly higher than the healthy control group (p=0.021 and p=0.009, respectively). There was a significant correlation between GM-CSF levels and ASDAS-CRP (r=0.545, p=0.013) and BASFI (r=0.546, p=0.013) in the axSpA group. In active axSpA patients, the cut-off value for GM-CSF was 15.89 pg\/mL (sensitivity 50%, specificity 100%). No differences were detected in serum CCL17 levels among the groups.\r\nConclusion: The results suggest that serum GM-CSF levels may be used as a new marker for the evaluation of disease activity in axSpA, and GM-CSF might be a therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46497\/archrheumatol.2024.10360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T05:22:46Z","timestamp":1711776166000},"page":"368-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and CCL17 levels be a marker of disease activation in spondyloarthritis?"],"prefix":"10.5152","volume":"39","author":[{"family":"Rezan Ko\u00e7ak Ulucak\u00f6y","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Ayza K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sevilay Bat\u0131bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"\u0130dil Melis \u00c7obano\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Elif Nur Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Zafer G\u00fcnendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Aylin Sepici Din\u00e7el","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Feride Nur G\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3111","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Chou CT, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:25- 31. doi: 10.1136\/ard.2010.133645.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645"},{"key":"ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura A, Haroon N. Recent updates in the immunopathology of type 3 immunity-mediated enthesitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021;23:31. doi: 10.1007\/s11926- 021-00995-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-00995-y"},{"key":"ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mossawi MH, Chen L, Fang H, Ridley A, de Wit J, Yager N, et al. Unique transcriptome signatures and GM-CSF expression in lymphocytes from patients with spondyloarthritis. Nat Commun 2017;8:1510. doi: 10.1038\/s41467-017-01771-2.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01771-2"},{"key":"ref-4","unstructured":"Fiehn C, Wermann M, Pezzutto A, H\u00fcfner M, Heilig B. Plasma GM-CSF concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and spondyloarthropathy. Z Rheumatol 1992;51:121-6."},{"key":"ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi H, Chen L, Ridley A, Zaarour N, Brough I, Caucci C, et al. GM-CSF primes proinflammatory monocyte responses in ankylosing spondylitis. Front Immunol 2020;11:1520. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01520.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01520"},{"key":"ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, Listing J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): Validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:777-83. doi: 10.1136\/ard.2009.108233.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233"},{"key":"ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kay J, Upchurch KS. ACR\/EULAR 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012;51 Suppl 6:vi5-9. doi: 10.1093\/rheumatology\/ kes279.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes279"},{"key":"ref-8","unstructured":"van Riel PL. The development of the disease activity score (DAS) and the disease activity score using 28 joint counts (DAS28). Clin Exp Rheumatol 2014;32(5 Suppl 85):S65-74."},{"key":"ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozer HT, Sarpel T, Gulek B, Alparslan ZN, Erken E. The Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index: reliability and validity. Clin Rheumatol 2005;24:123-8. doi: 10.1007\/s10067-004-0984-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-0984-6"},{"key":"ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zochling J. Measures of symptoms and disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale (ASQoL), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score (BAS-G), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Dougados Functional Index (DFI), and Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondylarthropathies (HAQ-S). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011;63 Suppl 11:S47-58. doi: 10.1002\/ acr.20575.","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20575"},{"key":"ref-11","unstructured":"Berenbaum F, Rajzbaum G, Amor B, Toubert A. Evidence for GM-CSF receptor expression in synovial tissue. An analysis by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction on rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovial biopsies. Eur Cytokine Netw 1994;5:43-6."},{"key":"ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell AL, Magill MK, McKane WR, Kirk F, Irvine AE. Measurement of colony-stimulating factors in synovial fluid: Potential clinical value. Rheumatol Int 1995;14:177- 82. doi: 10.1007\/BF00262295.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262295"},{"key":"ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright HL, Bucknall RC, Moots RJ, Edwards SW. Analysis of SF and plasma cytokines provides insights into the mechanisms of inflammatory arthritis and may predict response to therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012;51:451-9. doi: 10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker338.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker338"},{"key":"ref-14","unstructured":"Popescu C, Trandafir M, B\u0103dic\u0103 A, Morar F, Prede\u0163eanu D. Ankylosing spondylitis functional and activity indices in clinical practice. J Med Life 2014;7:78-83."},{"key":"ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horikawa T, Nakayama T, Hikita I, Yamada H, Fujisawa R, Bito T, et al. IFN-gamma-inducible expression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine\/CCL17 and macrophage-derived chemokine\/CCL22 in epidermal keratinocytes and their roles in atopic dermatitis. Int Immunol 2002;14:767-73. doi: 10.1093\/intimm\/dxf044.","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxf044"},{"key":"ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duftner C, Dejaco C, Kullich W, Klauser A, Goldberger C, Falkenbach A, et al. Preferential type 1 chemokine receptors and cytokine production of CD28- T cells in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:647-53. doi: 10.1136\/ard.2005.042085.","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.042085"},{"key":"ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhao Q, Wang G, Yang C, Xu Y, Li Y, et al. Circulating levels of Th1 and Th2 chemokines in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Cytokine 2016;81:10-4. doi: 10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.01.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.01.012"},{"key":"ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook AD, Lee MC, Saleh R, Khiew HW, Christensen AD, Achuthan A, et al. TNF and granulocyte macrophagecolony stimulating factor interdependence mediates inflammation via CCL17. JCI Insight 2018;3:e99249. doi: 10.1172\/jci.insight.99249.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.99249"}],"container-title":["Archives of Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/archivesofrheumatology.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/1426\/2544","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/archivesofrheumatology.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/1426\/2545","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/archivesofrheumatology.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/download\/1426\/2544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T09:01:11Z","timestamp":1761210071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/archivesofrheumatology.org\/index.php\/pub\/article\/view\/1426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46497\/archrheumatol.2024.10360","relation":{},"ISSN":["2618-6500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2618-6500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]}}}