{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T23:23:57Z","timestamp":1768346637904,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Universitatsbibliothek der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TCHES"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fault Injection Analysis is seen as a powerful attack against implementations of cryptographic algorithms. Over the last two decades, researchers proposed a plethora of countermeasures to secure such implementations. However, the design process and implementation are still error-prone, complex, and manual tasks which require long-standing experience in hardware design and physical security. Moreover, the validation of the claimed security is often only done by empirical testing in a very late stage of the design process. To prevent such empirical testing strategies, approaches based on formal verification are applied instead providing the designer early feedback.In this work, we present a fault verification framework to validate the security of countermeasures against fault-injection attacks designed for ICs. The verification framework works on netlist-level, parses the given digital circuit into a model based on Binary Decision Diagrams, and performs symbolic fault injections. This verification approach constitutes a novel strategy to evaluate protected hardware designs against fault injections offering new opportunities as performing full analyses under a given fault models.Eventually, we apply the proposed verification framework to real-world implementations of well-established countermeasures against fault-injection attacks. Here, we consider protected designs of the lightweight ciphers CRAFT and LED-64 as well as AES. Due to several optimization strategies, our tool is able to perform more than 90 million fault injections in a single-round CRAFT design and evaluate the security in under 50 min while the symbolic simulation approach considers all 2128 primary inputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2021.i4.447-473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T12:49:44Z","timestamp":1628686184000},"page":"447-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["FIVER \u2013 Robust Verification of Countermeasures against Fault Injections"],"prefix":"10.46586","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Richter-Brockmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aein","family":"Rezaei Shahmirzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Sasdrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"G\u00fcneysu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"25480","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"container-title":["IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tches.iacr.org\/index.php\/TCHES\/article\/download\/9072\/8659","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tches.iacr.org\/index.php\/TCHES\/article\/download\/9072\/8659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T12:49:45Z","timestamp":1628686185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tches.iacr.org\/index.php\/TCHES\/article\/view\/9072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46586\/tches.v2021.i4.447-473","relation":{},"ISSN":["2569-2925"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2569-2925","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]}}}