{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:36:53Z","timestamp":1787031413555,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Universitatsbibliothek der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TCHES"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computation over encrypted data, it is a natural question of how efficiently it handles standard integer computations like 64-bit arithmetic. It has long been believed that the CGGI\/DM family or the BGV\/BFV family are the best options, depending on the size of the parallelism. The discrete variant of CKKS, suggested by Drucker et al. [J.Cryptol.\u201924], provides an interesting alternative for integer computations. Notably, the modular reduction framework proposed by Kim and Noh [CiC\u201925] built on top of the CKKSstyle functional bootstrapping by Bae et al. [Asiacrypt\u201924] gives an efficient arithmetic modulo small integers.In this work, we propose a novel homomorphic computer for unsigned integer computations. We represent a large integer (e.g. 64-bit) as a vector of smaller chunks (e.g. 4-bit) and construct arithmetic operations relying on discrete CKKS. The proposed scheme supports many of the operations supported in TFHE-rs while outperforming it in terms of amortized running time. Notably, our homomorphic 64-bit multiplication takes 8.85ms per slot, which is more than three orders of magnitude faster than TFHE-rs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2025.i4.873-898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T13:04:56Z","timestamp":1757077496000},"page":"873-898","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficient Homomorphic Integer Computer from CKKS"],"prefix":"10.46586","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Jaehyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"25480","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"container-title":["IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tches.iacr.org\/index.php\/TCHES\/article\/download\/12432\/12160","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/tches.iacr.org\/index.php\/TCHES\/article\/download\/12432\/12160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T13:04:57Z","timestamp":1757077497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tches.iacr.org\/index.php\/TCHES\/article\/view\/12432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46586\/tches.v2025.i4.873-898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2569-2925"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2569-2925","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]}}}